Wasu suna warware matsalar tare da rufe idanu. Wasu kuma suna samun ciwon kai kawai suna kallonsa. Shi Rubik's Cube Kalubale ne da mutane da yawa suke ɗauka da wasa, amma wannan, kamar kowane abu, yana da nasa hanya kuma a zahiri kowa zai iya magance shi. Idan wannan wasa mai launi ya kasance yana jan hankalin ku kuma kuna sha'awar yadda ake warware shi, a yau za mu gaya muku duka game da shi. abin da yake, yadda ya zo game da yadda za a warware Rubik's Cube.
Asalin Rubik's Cube
Shahararriyar wasan kwaikwayo a duniya an tsara ta Erno Rubik, wani farfesa a fannin gine-gine a kasar Hungary shekara 1974. An ba shi lasisi ga Ideal Toy Company kuma a cikin 1980 yana da irin wannan albarku, wanda aka yi la'akari Mafi kyawun Wasan Shekara. An haifi cube a matsayin gwaji ta Ernő don ɗalibansa su fahimci matsalolin tsari a cikin abubuwa masu girma uku. Duk da haka, a kan cakude cube, ya gane cewa Na yi kuskure na ƙirƙira wasan wasa.
Mafarinsa ba su da sauƙi. Saboda dokokin Hungary, Rubik ya kusa kasa samun ikon mallaka abin wasan yara. Daga baya, Larry Nichols ya kai kara, wanda shekaru da suka wuce ya kirkiro irin wannan wasan kwaikwayo, amma 2x2x2, a Kanada. A gefe guda kuma, kuma kusan a lokaci guda, wani injiniya a Tokyo ya ƙirƙiri irin wannan wasa, yana la'akari da shi wani sabon salo ne mai zaman kansa.
Sassan, ƙungiyoyi da sanarwa a cikin Rubik's Cube
Lokacin da muka koma Rubik's Cube, muna magana ne game da a 6 cube mai gefe da kuma 3 x 3 x 3. Launuka na fuskoki ba su da sha'awa, ko da yake an fara maganin maganin tare da farin fuska.
Za a iya raba cube zuwa wadannan sassa:
- cibiyar: Shi ne kawai yanki da ba za a iya motsa daga cube. Akwai 6 a duka.
- gefuna: raba launuka biyu. Akwai 12 a duka.
- VerticesAn yi su da launuka uku. Akwai 8 a duka.
Akwai kuma wasu cubes waɗanda suka bambanta da na asali na Rubik, amma suna da iri ɗaya. Waɗannan su ne:
- 2 x2: ku. Ba shi da cibiya ko gefuna. Ana iya warware shi kamar 3x3x3 ta hanyar tunanin launi na fuskoki da kuma amfani da algorithms da ake amfani da su don matsawa tsaye.
- 4x4x4: Cibiyar ta kasance guda hudu kuma kowane gefe yana da guda biyu.
- 5x5x5:Cibiyar tana da guda tara kuma kowane gefe guda uku ne.
A mafi yawan waɗannan cubes, hanyar yawanci canza wuyar warwarewa zuwa wani abu mai kama da 3x3x3 kuma warware tare da hanya don ɗayan waɗannan cubes. Koyaya, a wasu lokuta yana iya bayyanar takamaiman matsalolin daidaito, wanda dole ne a warware shi tare da takamaiman algorithms, musamman ga kowane nau'in cube da ake tambaya.
Terminology
Rubik's Cube yana da nasa notacion. Don wannan, ana la'akari da cewa muna da cube a gabanmu, kuma sassan suna suna kamar haka:
- F: Layer na gaba
- L: hagu Layer
- R: dama Layer
- U: saman Layer
- B: baya Layer
- D: kasa Layer
Lokacin da motsi ya kasance a kusa da agogo, ana rubuta motsi da harafi guda. Lokacin da za a gudanar da motsi a cikin kishiyar hanya, an rubuta shi da ridda. Hakanan, idan harafin ya biyo bayan 2, motsi 2 za a yi a jere:
- F: motsi na gaban Layer na agogo
- F': motsi na gaban Layer counterclockwise
- F2: motsi sau biyu na layin gaba a agogo
Duk da haka, kowace hanyar warware cube za a iya tare da nasa bayanin kula.
Yadda ake warware Rubik's Cube
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don magance Rubik's Cube. Idan kawai kuna neman warware cube don nishaɗi, yana da kyau ku tsaya tare da hanya don sabon shiga. A daya hannun, idan ka kawo karshen sama stinging da kuma son zuwa zurfi, da hanyar ci gaba zai sa ku shagaltu da makwanni da yawa.
Ko ka zaɓi hanya ɗaya ko wata, ana warware cube ɗin ta amfani da jerin algorithms na lissafi. The matakai na farko Dukansu a cikin hanya ɗaya kuma a cikin ɗayan, ana yin su ta hanyar motsa sassan daidai kamar wuyar warwarewa har sai an samu cikakkiyar fuska kuma ta kasance mai kyau na tsakiya. Daga can, a cikin hanyoyi biyu za mu yi amfani da jerin algorithms don magance cube. Kowane mataki yana da nasa algorithm, wanda zamu iya ayyana shi azaman a jerin motsi inda 'input' ba zai dame shi ba, tun da fitarwa zai kasance iri ɗaya.
Hanyar don Masu farawa
Hanyar asali ta ƙunshi Matakai 7. Kafin ka fara, ya kamata ka gano yadda za a motsa guntu a kusa da cube.
- Nemo farar fuskar (wanda ke da farar cibiyar) kuma a samar da a Farar giciye kewaye. Launi na biyu na gefen dole ne ya dace da tsakiyar yanki na ɗayan fuskar kube.
- dauke da fararen gefuna zuwa wurinsu. Akwai lokuta uku masu yiwuwa, waɗanda aka warware tare da algorithms masu zuwa:
- Farin launi a hannun dama: R'D'R
- Farin launi hagu: FD F'
- Farin launi akan gindi: FL D2 L' F'
- Kammala Layer na biyu daidai wurin gano gefen. Sanya gefen a fuskar inda sashin ya dace daidai kuma aiwatar da algorithm mai zuwa:
- Idan juya ya kasance zuwa hagu: U' L' ULF U' F'
- Idan juya ya kasance zuwa dama: UR U' R' U' F' UF
- Yanzu ya yi da za a yi daya rawaya giciye, daidai da farkon, amma ba tare da ɓata duk abin da muka yi ba. Ba dole ba ne a daidaita shi da launi na ɗayan gefen. Za mu yi haka a mataki na 5. Don juya gefuna, za mu yi FRU R'U'F' algorithm.
- Mun gano wuri da rawaya guda a daidai wurinsa dangane da tsakiyar launi na sauran fuskoki. Dole ne a maimaita wannan matakin har sai komai ya daidaita daidai: RU R' UR U2 R' U.
- Matsar da gangar jikin zuwa wurinsu. Ba kome ba idan yanayin daidaitawa daidai ne ko a'a. Algorithm na wannan lokacin shine kamar haka: UR U' L' U R' U' L
- jagora da warwarewa. Mataki na ƙarshe shine mafi sauƙin duka. Ya ƙunshi maimaita R'D' RD algorithm har sai duk kusurwoyi sun daidaita sosai. Da zarar an yi haka, za ku matsar da fuskokin a kwance don warware kubu.
Hanyar Ci gaba ko Hanyar Friedrich (CFOP)
Hanyar da ta gabata tana da ban sha'awa don warware cube a cikin kusan daƙiƙa 30 ko minti ɗaya idan kuna da wayo sosai. Koyaya, hanyar ci gaba tana ba da damar warware cube a cikin ƴan daƙiƙa kaɗan. Ana kiranta da sunan mahaliccinta. Jessica Friedrich asalin. Hanyar ta ƙunshi 120 algorithms a cikin duka, don haka dole ne ku sami dogon ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya kuma ku ciyar da sa'o'i masu yawa a kan cube don koyon fasaha. Koyaya, akwai madadin sigar cikakkiyar hanyar Friedrich, wacce ita ce Friedrich Rage. A wannan yanayin, su ne 49 algorithms, amma za ku yi wasu matakai da yawa.
Rubik's Cube Records
Idan kun sami wahalar magance Rubik's Cube, zai zama kamar ma mahaukaci ne wasu suna iya magance shi da idanunsu a rufe, da ƙafafu ko ma da hannu ɗaya. Waɗannan su ne bayanan na yanzu:
- Yusheng Du (CH) - 3,47s - Rikodin hannu biyu (2021)
- Max Park (Amurka) - 6,82s - Rikodin hannu daya (2019)
- Sebastiano Tronto (IT) – 16 – Yi rikodin tare da ƙananan motsi (2019)
- Tommy Cherry (Amurka) - 14,67s - Makaho (2021)
- Graham Siggins (Amurka) - 59/60 59:46 - makafi da yawa (2019)
- Que Jianyu (CH) 5 min, 2.43s – Multi 3 tare da juggling (2020)