Vamwe vanogadzirisa dambudziko vakavhara maziso. Uye vamwe vanotemwa nemusoro vachingozvitarisa. Iye Cube yaRubik Iri idambudziko iro vanhu vazhinji vanoritora sero, asi iro, sechinhu chose, chine chazvo nzira uye chero munhu anogona kuzvigadzirisa. Kana iyi pikicha yemuvara yagara ichikwezva kutarisisa kwako uye iwe uchida kuziva kuti inogadziriswa sei, nhasi tichakuudza zvese nezvazvo. kuti chii, kuti chakauya sei uye nzira yekugadzirisa iyo Rubik's Cube.
Mavambo eRubik's Cube
Iyo puzzles ine mukurumbira pasi rose yakagadzirwa na Erno Rubik, purofesa weHungarian wezvivakwa pa gore 1974. Yaive nerezinesi kuIdeal Toy Company uye muna 1980 yaive neyakadaro tiguu, iyo yakarangarirwa Best Game of the Year. The cube akaberekwa sekuedza kubudikidza Ernő kuti vadzidzi vake kunzwisisa structural matambudziko mu-mativi matatu-dimensional zvinhu. Zvisinei, pakusanganisa cube, akaziva kuti Ndakanga ndangogadzira dambanemazwi.
Kutanga kwayo kwakanga kusiri nyore. Nekuda kwemitemo yeHungary, Rubik akange ave kutadza kuita patent chitoyi. Gare gare, akamhan'arirwa naLarry Nichols, uyo makore akanga apfuura akanga agadzira mufananidzo wakafanana, asi 2x2x2, muCanada. Kune rimwe divi, uye pamwe panguva imwe chete, injinjini muTokyo yakagadzira mutambo wakafanana, ichifunga kuti yakazvimiririra kudzoreredza.
Zvikamu, mafambiro uye notation muRubik's Cube
Kana tichitaura nezveRubik's Cube, tiri kutaura nezve a 6 kumativi cube uye a 3x3x3 matrix. Mavara ezviso haana hanya, kunyange zvazvo mhinduro yacho inowanzotangwa nechiso chena.
Iyo cube inogona kukamurwa kuita zvinotevera zvikamu:
- pakati: Ndicho chete chidimbu chisingagoni kubviswa kubva kucube. Pane 6 pamwe chete.
- kumativi: kugovera mavara maviri. Pane 12 pamwe chete.
- verticesIwo akaumbwa nemavara matatu. Pane 8 pamwe chete.
Kune zvakare mamwe macube akasiyana neayo ekutanga Rubik, asi ane zita rimwe chete. Iwo anotevera:
- 2x2x2: Haina pakati kana micheto. Inogona kugadziriswa se3x3x3 nekufungidzira ruvara rwezviso uye kushandisa maalgorithms anoshandiswa kufambisa vertices.
- xnumxxxnumxxxnumx: Pakati inoumbwa nezvidimbu zvina uye mupendero wega wega wakagadzirwa nezvidimbu zviviri.
- xnumxxxnumxxxnumx: Pakati inoumbwa nezvidimbu zvipfumbamwe uye mupendero wega wega unoumbwa nezvidimbu zvitatu.
Muzvizhinji zveiyi cubes, nzira yacho inowanzo shandura chirahwe kuita chimwe chinhu chakafanana ne3x3x3 uye gadzirisa nenzira yeimwe yeiyi cubes. Zvisinei, mune dzimwe nguva inogona kuonekwar chaiyo parity matambudziko, iyo inofanirwa kugadziriswa nema algorithms chaiwo, kunyanya kune yega yega cube modhi iri mubvunzo.
Terminology
Rubik's Cube ine yayo notation. Nokuda kweizvi, zvinogara zvichionekwa kuti tine cube pamberi pedu, uye zvikamu zvinodaidzwa sezvinotevera:
- F: front layer
- L: Left layer
- R: rudyi layer
- U: top layer
- B: back layer
- D: pasi pasi
Kana kufamba kwacho kuchienderana newachi, kufamba kunonyorwa nebhii rimwechete. Kana kufamba kuchizoitwa kune rumwe rutivi, kunonyorwa neapostrophe. Nenzira imwecheteyo, kana tsamba ichiteverwa ne2, 2 mafambiro anozoitwa mumutsara:
- F: kufamba kwechikamu chemberi newachi
- F': kufamba kwechitubu chemberi kunoenderana newachi
- F2: kufamba kaviri kwechikamu chepamberi newachi
Nekudaro, imwe neimwe nzira yekugadzirisa cube inogona kuperekedzwa neyayo notation.
Nzira yekugadzirisa sei Rubik's Cube
Pane nzira dzinoverengeka dzekugadzirisa iyo Rubik's Cube. Kana iwe uchingotarisa kugadzirisa cube yekunakidzwa, zviri nani kunamatira iyo nzira yevanotanga. Kune rumwe rutivi, kana iwe ukaguma uchiruma uye uchida kupinda zvakadzika, iyo advanced method zvichaita kuti ugare wakabatikana kwemavhiki akawanda.
Kunyangwe iwe ukasarudza imwe nzira kana imwe, cube inogadziriswa nekushandisa akatevedzana masvomhu algorithms. The matanho ekutanga Zvose mune imwe nzira uye mune imwe, inogadzirwa nekufambisa zvidimbu chaizvo kungofanana nepikicha kusvikira chiso chakazara chaumbwa uye chepakati layer iripo zvakanaka. Kubva ipapo, munzira mbiri tichafanirwa kushandisa nhevedzano ye algorithms kugadzirisa cube. Nhanho imwe neimwe ine algorithm yayo, yataigona kutsanangura se kutevedzana kwemafambiro uko iyo 'input' haina basa, sezvo iyo inobuda ichave yakafanana.
Nzira yeVatangi
Nzira yekutanga inosanganisira 7 nhanho. Usati watanga, iwe unofanirwa kunge wafunga nzira yekufambisa zvidimbu zvakapoteredza cube.
- Tsvaga iyo chena kumeso (iyo ine chena pakati) uye gadzira a Muchinjikwa muchena kumativi. Rudzi rwechipiri rwemupendero runofanira kufanana nechepakati pechimwe chiso checube.
- takura micheto machena kunzvimbo yavo. Kune matatu anogoneka makesi, ayo anogadziriswa neanotevera algorithms:
- Ruvara ruchena kurudyi: R' D' R
- Ruvara ruchena kuruboshwe: FD F'
- Ruvara ruchena pachigadziko: FL D2 L' F'
- Pedzisa chikamu chechipiri kunyatsotsvaga kumucheto. Isa mupendero pachiso uko chikamu chinokwana nemazvo uye ita inotevera algorithm:
- Kana kutendeuka kuri kuruboshwe: U' L' ULF U' F'
- Kana kutendeuka kuri kurudyi: UR U' R' U' F' UF
- Iye zvino yave nguva yekugadzira imwe yellow cross, zvakafanana nepakutanga, asi tisingaparadzi zvose zvatakaita. Izvo hazvifanirwe kuenderana nemuvara wechimwe chiso. Tichaita izvozvo munhanho 5. Kutenderedza mipendero, tichaita FRU R' U' F' algorithm.
- Tinowana zvidimbu zveyero munzvimbo yaro inoenderana neruremekedzo rwepakati ruvara rwezvimwe zviso. Iyi nhanho inofanirwa kudzokororwa kusvika zvese zvanyatsoenderana: RU R' UR U2 R'U.
- Fambisa vertices kunzvimbo yavo. Hazvina mhosva kuti kutariswa kwacho kwakarurama here kana kuti kwete. Iyo algorithm panguva ino ndeiyi inotevera: UR U' L'U R'U' L
- tungamira uye gadzirisa. Danho rekupedzisira ndiro rakareruka pane ese. Inosanganisira kudzokorora iyo R'D' RD algorithm kusvika makona ese anyatso tungamirwa. Kana izvozvo zvangoitwa, uchafanirwa kufambisa zviso zvakachinjika kuti ugadzirise cube.
Yepamberi Method kana Friedrich Method (CFOP)
Nzira yapfuura inonakidza kugadzirisa cube mukati memasekondi makumi matatu kana miniti kana iwe wakangwara. Zvisinei, nzira yepamusoro inobvumira gadzirisa cube mumasekonzi mashoma. Inotumidzwa zita remusiki wayo, Jessica Friedrich. Nzira yacho inosanganisira 120 algorithms muhuwandu, saka iwe unofanirwa kuve nekurangarira kwenguva refu uye kupedza maawa akawanda pane cube kuti udzidze maitiro. Nekudaro, kune imwe vhezheni yeiyo yakazara Friedrich nzira, inova iyo Friedrich Akaderedzwa. Muchiitiko ichi, ivo 49 algorithms, asi uchafanira kuita mamwe matanho akawanda.
Rubik's Cube Records
Kana iwe ukaona zvakaoma kugadzirisa Rubik's Cube, ichaita seyakanyanya kupenga kuti vamwe vanokwanisa kuigadzirisa nemeso avo akavharwa, netsoka dzavo kana kunyange neruoko rumwe. Aya ndiwo marekodhi azvino:
- Yusheng Du (CH) – 3,47s – Rekodhi nemaoko maviri (2021)
- Max Park (USA) - 6,82s - Rekodhi neruoko rumwe (2019)
- Sebastiano Tronto (IT) - 16 - Rekodha nemafambiro mashoma (2019)
- Tommy Cherry (USA) - 14,67s - Bofu (2021)
- Graham Siggins (USA) - 59/60 59:46 - mapofu akawanda (2019)
- Que Jianyu (CH) 5 min, 2.43s - Multi 3 nejuggling (2020)