Abanye bayayicombulula le ngxaki bevale amehlo. Kwaye abanye baqaqanjelwa yintloko beyijonga nje. Yena Cube kaRubik Lucelomngeni abantu abaninzi abaluthatha lula, kodwa ukuba, njengayo yonke into, inalo indlela kwaye ngokwenyani nabani na angayisombulula. Ukuba le phazili yombala ibisoloko itsala umdla wakho kwaye unomdla wokwazi ukuba isonjululwa njani, namhlanje siza kukuxelela konke ngayo. ukuba yintoni, yenzeke njani kunye nendlela yokusombulula iRubik's Cube.
Imvelaphi yeCube kaRubik
Eyona iphazili idumileyo ehlabathini yenziwe ngu Erno Rubik, unjingalwazi wezokwakha waseHungary kwi nyaka 1974. Yayinikwe ilayisenisi kwiNkampani ye-Ideal Toy kwaye ngo-1980 yayinalo boom, eyaqwalaselwa Umdlalo ogqwesileyo woNyaka. Ityhubhu yazalwa njengovavanyo luka-Ernő kubafundi bakhe ukuba baqonde iingxaki zesakhiwo kwizinto ezinomacala amathathu. Noko ke, ekuxubeni iityhubhu, wayibona loo nto Ngempazamo ndiyile iphazili.
Ukuqala kwayo kwakungelula. Ngenxa yemithetho yaseHungary, iRubik yayiza kukwazi ukwenza ipatent into yokudlala. Kamva, wamangalelwa nguLarry Nichols, owathi kwiminyaka engaphambili wenza iphazili efanayo, kodwa 2x2x2, eCanada. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwaye phantse ngexesha elifanayo, injineli yaseTokyo yenza umdlalo ofanayo kakhulu, icinga ukuba yinto yokuvuselela ngokuzimeleyo.
Amacandelo, iintshukumo kunye nobhalo kwiCube yeRubik
Xa sibhekisela kwiRubik's Cube, sithetha nge 6 macala ityhubhu kunye 3x3x3 matrix. Imibala yobuso ayinandaba, nangona isisombululo sivame ukuqala ngobuso obumhlophe.
Ityhubhu inokohlulwa ibe koku kulandelayo iinxalenye:
- Centro: Yiyo kuphela iqhekeza elingenakususwa kwityhubhu. Zi-6 zizonke.
- imiphetho: yabelana ngemibala emibini. Bali-12 bebonke.
- iincamZenziwe ngemibala emithathu. Zisi-8 zizonke.
Kukho nezinye iityhubhu ezahlukileyo kwi-Rubik's yasekuqaleni, kodwa zinegama elifanayo. Zezi zilandelayo:
- 2x2x2: Ayinaziko okanye imiphetho. Inokusombululwa njenge-3x3x3 ngokucinga umbala wobuso kunye nokusebenzisa i-algorithms esetyenziselwa ukuhambisa i-vertices.
- 4x4x4: Iziko lenziwe ngamaqhekeza amane kwaye udini ngalunye lwenziwe ngamaqhekeza amabini.
- 5x5x5: Iziko lenziwe ngamaqhekeza alithoba kwaye udini ngalunye lwenziwe ngamaqhekeza amathathu.
Uninzi lwezi ityhubhu, indlela iqhelekile guqula iphazili ibe yinto efana ne-3x3x3 kwaye ukusombulula ngendlela enye yezi ityhubhu. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko kunokuvelar iingxaki ezithile zokulingana, ekufuneka isonjululwe nge-algorithms ethile, ngokukodwa kwimodeli nganye yetyhubhu ekuthethwa ngayo.
Isigama
ICube kaRubik ineyayo ubhalo. Kule nto, kuhlala kuqwalaselwa ukuba sine cube phambi kwethu, kwaye iindawo zibizwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- F: umaleko wangaphambili
- L: umaleko wasekhohlo
- R: umaleko wasekunene
- U: umaleko ophezulu
- B: umaleko ongasemva
- D: umaleko ongezantsi
Xa intshukumo ihamba ngewotshi, intshukumo ibhalwa ngonobumba omnye. Xa intshukumo kufuneka iqhutywe kwicala elichaseneyo, ibhalwe nge-apostrophe. Ngendlela efanayo, ukuba unobumba ulandelwa ngu-2, iintshukumo ezi-2 ziya kwenziwa ngokulandelelana:
- F: intshukumo yomaleko wangaphambili ngokwewotshi
- F ': intshukumo yomaleko wangaphambili ngokunxamnye newotshi
- F2: intshukumo kabini yomaleko wangaphambili ngokwewotshi
Nangona kunjalo, indlela nganye yokusombulula i-cube inokuhamba kunye nokubhalwa kwayo.
Uyisombulula njani iRubik's Cube
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokusombulula iRubik's Cube. Ukuba ujonge nje ukusombulula ityhubhu ngokuzonwabisa, kungcono ukuba unamathele indlela yabaqalayo. Kwelinye icala, ukuba ugqiba ukuhlaba kwaye ufuna ukuya nzulu, i indlela ephucukileyo iya kukugcina uxakekile iiveki ezininzi.
Nokuba ukhetha indlela enye okanye enye, ityhubhu isonjululwa ngokusebenzisa uthotho lweealgorithms zemathematika. I amanyathelo okuqala Zombini kwindlela enye nakwenye, zenziwe ngokuhambisa iziqwenga ngokuchanekileyo njengephazili kude kube ubuso obupheleleyo benziwe kwaye umaleko osembindini ubekwe kakuhle. Ukusuka apho, kwiindlela ezimbini kuya kufuneka sisebenzise uthotho lwe algorithms ukusombulula ityhubhu. Inyathelo ngalinye linealgorithm yalo, esinokuyichaza njenge ukulandelelana kweentshukumo apho 'igalelo' lingenamsebenzi, kuba imveliso iya kufana.
Indlela yabaQalayo
Indlela esisiseko iqulathe Amanyathelo asi-7. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale, kufuneka uqikelele indlela yokuhambisa iziqwenga malunga netyhubhu.
- Khangela ubuso obumhlophe (obu bumbindi omhlophe) kwaye wenze a Umnqamlezo omhlophe ngeenxa zonke. Umbala wesibini wecala kufuneka uhambelane neqhekeza eliphakathi kolunye ubuso betyhubhu.
- thwala i imiphetho emhlophe kwindawo yabo. Kukho iimeko ezintathu ezinokwenzeka, ezisonjululwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Umbala omhlophe ngasekunene: R' D' R
- Umbala omhlophe ngasekhohlo: FD F'
- Umbala omhlophe kwisiseko: FL D2 L' F'
- Gqibezela umaleko wesibini ngokuchanekileyo indawo yokuphela. Beka umphetho ebusweni apho inxalenye ingena ngokuchanekileyo kwaye wenze le algorithm ilandelayo:
- Ukuba ujiko ungasekhohlo: U' L' ULF U' F'
- Ukuba ukujika kungasekunene: UR U' R' U' F' UF
- Ngoku lixesha lokwenza enye umnqamlezo otyheli, njengasekuqaleni, kodwa ngaphandle kokonakalisa konke esikwenzileyo. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ihambelane nombala welinye icala. Siya kwenza oko kwinqanaba lesi-5. Ukujikeleza imida, siya kwenza i-algorithm ye-FRU R' U' F'.
- Sifumana amaqhekeza atyheli kwindawo yayo ehambelanayo ngokubhekiselele kumbala ophakathi wobunye ubuso. Eli nyathelo kufuneka liphindwe de yonke into ilungelelaniswe kakuhle: RU R' UR U2 R' U.
- Shenxisa iintsika kwindawo yazo. Akukhathaliseki nokuba i-orientation ichanekile okanye hayi. I-algorithm ngeli xesha ilandelayo: UR U' L' U R' U' L
- isikhokelo kunye nokusombulula. Inyathelo lokugqibela lelona lilula kuzo zonke. Iquka ukuphinda i-algorithm ye-R' D' RD de zonke iikona zilungelelaniswe kakuhle. Nje ukuba yenziwe loo nto, kuya kufuneka uhambise ubuso ngokuthe tye ukusombulula iityhubhu.
Indlela ekwinqanaba eliphezulu okanye iFriedrich Method (CFOP)
Indlela yangaphambili inika umdla ukusombulula iityhubhu malunga nemizuzwana engama-30 okanye umzuzu ukuba ukrelekrele kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, indlela ephezulu ivumela Sombulula iityhubhu kwimizuzwana embalwa. Ithiywe ngomdali wayo, UJessica Friedrich. Indlela iqulathe 120 algorithms iyonke, ke kufuneka ube nenkumbulo ende kwaye uchithe iiyure ezininzi kwityhubhu ukuze ufunde ubuchule. Nangona kunjalo, kukho enye inguqulelo yendlela epheleleyo yeFriedrich, eyi UFriedrich Uncitshisiwe. Kule meko, banjalo 49 algorithms, kodwa kuya kufuneka wenze amanye amanyathelo amaninzi.
IiRekhodi zeCube zikaRubik
Ukuba ufumanisa kunzima ukusombulula iRubik's Cube, kuya kubonakala kubi ngakumbi ukuba abanye bayakwazi ukuyicombulula ngamehlo abo avaliweyo, ngeenyawo okanye nangesandla esinye. Ezi ziirekhodi zangoku:
- I-Yusheng Du (CH) – 3,47s – Ingxelo yezandla ezimbini (2021)
- IMax Park (eUSA) – 6,82s – Ingxelo yesandla esinye (2019)
- Sebastiano Tronto (IT) – 16 – Rekhoda ngeentshukumo ezimbalwa (2019)
- Tommy Cherry (USA) – 14,67s – Ubumfama (2021)
- Graham Siggins (USA) – 59/60 59:46 – iimfama ezininzi (2019)
- Que Jianyu (CH) 5 imiz, 2.43s – Multi 3 kunye juggling (2020)