Yintoni i-HDMI endiyidingayo kwi-TV yam? Iintambo, izihlanganisi kunye nemigangatho

Ukuba sithetha ngevidiyo, i-connector par excellence namhlanje yi-HDMI. Xa kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo sathetha nge-euroconnector kunye nazo zonke izikhonkwane zayo, ngethamsanqa namhlanje, ukudibanisa isixhobo kuye kwakhawulelwa ekubekeni umdibaniso omncinci ekulula ukuwuxhuma. I-HDMI, ichweba elifihla imigangatho emininzi omele uyazi.

Zonke iintlobo zeHDMI ezikhoyo

Nangona isinxibelelanisi sinokufana ngobume kwizixhobo ezininzi, oko akuthethi ukuba zonke zisebenza ngokufanayo. Izibuko liye lavela kwiminyaka edlulileyo, ngokuthe ngcembe liphucula isantya salo kunye nokongeza iimpawu ezongezelelweyo. Into emangalisayo kukuba kukho iintambo ezenzelwe imisebenzi ekhethekileyo, ngoko ke umbutho osemgangathweni we-HDMI udwelise ezi ndidi zilandelayo.

Iintlobo zentambo zeHDMI

Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyenzile kukufumana intambo efanele iimfuno zakho. Azikho zonke iintambo ze-HDMI ezifanayo, kwaye kungekhona nje ngenxa yokudibanisa kwazo, kodwa nangenxa yomgangatho weentambo ngaphakathi. Ezi zizo zonke iintlobo zeentambo zeHDMI ezikhoyo:

• Umgangatho: Ngokwesiseko eyilelwe ukusetyenziswa kwi-electronics abathengi kunye nezisombululo ukusuka 720p kunye 1080i. Kunqabile ukufumana ezi ntlobo zeentambo namhlanje kuba zithatyathelw' indawo zezi ze-Hight Speed ​​​​ezintsha.
• Umgangatho nge-Ethernet: Imodeli efana nomgangatho kunye nokungaqhelekanga okubandakanya umjelo ozinikele ngokukodwa kuthungelwano lwedatha yenethiwekhi.
• Iimoto eziqhelekileyo: Ikhebula eyenzelwe ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa kwicandelo leemoto. Olu hlobo lwekhebula luxhasa izibonakaliso zamandla aphezulu, lumelana nee-vibrations kunye nokudibanisa kwayo ngokuqhelekileyo i-HDMI Uhlobo lwe-E kunye ne-clamp yokukhusela.
• Isantya esiphezulu: Yeyona modeli yangoku isetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye isasazwe kwihlabathi liphela. Yazisa ithuba lokuphatha umxholo we-1080p kunye nokufikelela kwizigqibo ze-4K kwimifanekiso engama-30 ngesekhondi, kunye nokuhambelana nefomathi ye-3D.
• Isantya esiphezulu nge-Ethernet: Intambo efanayo nalapha ngasentla ngokungeniswa kwetshaneli ye-Ethernet ukunxibelelana nezixhobo ngenethiwekhi yendawo.
• Isantya esiphezulu seemoto: Ikhebula eyenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwicandelo leemoto kwaye ikwazi ukuphatha isisombululo se-1080p kunye ne-4K / 30p.
• Isantya esiPhezulu seNkulumbuso: Ukutsiba isantya esinye. Ngolu hlobo lweentambo siya kukwazi ukufikelela kwizigqibo ze-4K kwimifanekiso ye-60 ngesekhondi, ukuhambisa isignali yevidiyo kunye ne-HDR kunye nokubandakanya indawo yombala efana ne-BT.2020.
• Isantya esiphezulu esiphezulu: Yeyona ntambo icetyiswayo ngoku ukuba isetyenziswe kwezona zixhobo zala maxesha nezihlaziyiweyo. Isizathu kukuba isekela i-HDMI inkcazo ye-2.1 ekwazi ukuhambisa imifanekiso kwisisombululo se-8K kwimifanekiso ye-60 ngomzuzwana kunye ne-4K kwimifanekiso ye-120 ngesekhondi. I-bandwidth yale ntambo ifikelela kwi-48 Gbps, kwaye iyakwazi ukuchasana nokuphazamiseka kwizixhobo ezingenazintambo ezikufutshane.

Iindidi zoqhagamshelwano lweHDMI

Iziqhagamshelo zeHDMI ziyabonakala ngokulula, kodwa kukho izinto ezahlukeneyo onokuthi uziphose. Sikushiya noluhlu lweziqhagamshelo ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo namhlanje ngefomathi yeHDMI:

• uhlobo A: Yeyona nto iqhelekileyo yokudibanisa i-HDMI, leyo siya kuyifumana kwizixhobo ezininzi. Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Standard Standard, isiqhagamshelo esinike ubomi kwi-HDMI ukususela ekuqaleni kwayo kunye nalowo wonke umntu uyayibona. Iquka izikhonkwane ezili-19 zizonke.
• type B: Sisiqhagamshelo seDual-Link esingekasetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye ngoku siphantse sahamba. Akukho mveliso yentengiso enikezela ngayo, ngoko kuya kuba nzima ukuyifumana. Ibonisa uqwalaselo olwandisiweyo lwe-29-pin.
• chwetheza C: Yi-HDMI Mini, encinci kwaye idibene ngakumbi kuneyokuqala, ngokuqhelekileyo ifumaneka kwiikhamera kunye nezixhobo ezincinci. Iphawuleka ngokuba sisidibaniso esithe tyaba neside. 19 izikhonkwane zoqhagamshelwano.
• Uhlobo D: I-HDMI encinci. Ukubonakaliswa okuncinci kwekhonkco le-19-pin. Isetyenziswe kwizixhobo ezincinci kunye ezincinci kakhulu. Yeyona inikezelweyo kwiRaspberry Pi 4.
• Uhlobo lwe-E: Isidibanisi esikhethekileyo esisetyenziswa kushishino lweemoto. Ingumdibaniso omkhulu kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko ukuphepha ukuqhawula.

Iinguqulelo zeHDMI

Ukuqwalasela ukuguquka komgangatho wokuvelisa iintambo, umgangatho we-HDMI uye wanda kwinqanaba ukuze unikeze ngokuthe ngcembe iimpawu ezingcono ngokubhekiselele kwikhwalithi yomfanekiso kunye nemisebenzi eyongezelelweyo. Ngaloo ndlela, njengoko iminyaka idlula, umbutho we-HDMI upapashe iinkcukacha ezintsha zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwekhebula kunye nesixhumi.

Iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo esinokuzifumana kwimarike zezi zilandelayo:

Indawo yeHMDI 1.0

• HDMI 1.0: Ikhutshwe kwi-2002, le nkcazo yinto esisiseko kwi-HDMI. Yazalelwa ukumanyanisa iaudio kunye nevidiyo kwintambo enye esekwe kwi-DVI engasekhoyo ngoku.
• HDMI 1.1: Yayiluhlaziyo olungephi, kuba iquka nje inkxaso yeDVD-Audio

HDMI 1.2

• HDMI 1.2: Yafika ngo-2005 kwaye yongeza ukhetho lwe-One Bit Audio oluqukiweyo kwiiCD ze-Super Audio. Ifake iifomathi ezintsha ezifana ne-720p kwi-100 Hz kunye ne-720p kwi-120 HZ.
• HDMI 1.2a: Uhlaziyo oluncinci kodwa olubalulekileyo olukhutshwe emva kokugqiba iimfuno ze-Consumer Electronic Control (CEC), ezikuvumela ukuba ulawule izixhobo ezixhunyiwe kwi-HDMI kunye nolawulo olulodwa olukude.

HDMI 1.3

• HDMI 1.3: Ikhutshwe kwi-2006, yongeza i-bandwidth entsha yevidiyo kwi-8,16 Gbit / s kunye nezigqibo ze-1.920 x 1.080 pixels kwi-120 Hz okanye i-2.560 x 1.440 pixels kwi-60 Hz. Inkxaso ye-Dolby TrueHD ifakiwe okokuqala kunye ne-DTS HD-Master Audio yokudlala ezo iikhowudi kwii-amplifiers ze-AV zangaphandle.
• HDMI 1.3a: Uhlaziyo oluncinci olubandakanya ukuguqulwa kohlobo lweC C kunye nolunye utshintsho kwi-CEC, njengokulawula ixesha kunye nemiyalelo ehambelana ne-audio.

HDMI 1.4

• HDMI 1.4: Ifika ngo-2009 ukunyusa umda wokufikelela kwizigqibo ze-4.096 x 2.160 pixels kwi-24 Hz, 3.840 x 2.160 kwi-24, 25 kunye ne-30 Hz kunye ne-1.920 x 1080 pixels kwi-120K yokuqala yoqhagamshelwano kunye ne-4K yokuqala. , kwaye iqalise itshaneli ye-Ethernet, ikwazi ukubandakanya i-100 Mbit / s uxhumano lwe-Ethernet phakathi kwezixhobo ezimbini ze-HDMI. I-ARC, i-3D phezu kwe-HDMI kunye nekhonkco entsha ye-HDMI ifakwe.
• HDMI 1.4a: Yenzelwe ukunyusa imarike yevidiyo ye-3D eyaqala ukukhula ngo-2010. Ifuna izikrini ezinefomathi ye-3D.
• HDMI 1.4b: Yaziswa ukucacisa ezinye iinkcukacha zenguqulelo yangaphambili. Luluhlu lwamva nje olunikwe ilayisenisi yi-HDMI LLC.

HDMI 2.0

• HDMI 2.0: Ngo-2014 kuza umtsi omkhulu kumgangatho, owaziwa ngokuba yi-HDMI UHD. I-bandwidth ikhula ukuya kwi-14,4 Gbit / s yevidiyo, ikwazi ukuthwala ividiyo kwifomathi ye-4K kwimifanekiso engama-60 ngesekhondi kunye ne-24 bits nge-pixel ngobunzulu bombala. Ibandakanya ukuya kuthi ga kwiitshaneli zeaudio ezingama-32, umlinganiso we-21: 9, ulungelelwaniso oluguqukayo lwe-A/V, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi ezigxile kwividiyo yanamhlanje.
• HDMI 2.0a: Yongeza inkxaso yevidiyo ye-HDR ngemethadatha.
• HDMI 2.0b: Kubandakanya inkxaso ye-HDR10 kunye nemigangatho ye-HLG.

HDMI 2.1

Ngowona mgangatho wangoku nopheleleyo okhoyo namhlanje. Yaziswa ekupheleni kwe-2017, kwaye ikuvumela ukuba uxhume kwisisombululo se-8K kwimifanekiso ye-120 ngesekhondi kunye ne-48 Gbit / s bandwidth. Ikwaxhasa i-4K kwimifanekiso ye-120 ngomzuzwana. Ukuze ukwazi ukonwabela zonke iimpawu zalo mgangatho, kuyafuneka ukuba usebenzise i-Ultra High Speed ​​​​cable, eyongezwe kwesi sizukulwana.

Ngokobuchwephesha, lo mgangatho unokuxhasa izisombululo ze-10K kwi-120 Hz Ngokumalunga nezinye iimpawu, i-HDMI 2.1 ibeka ibha ephezulu kakhulu: i-HDR eguquguqukayo kunye ne-scene-by-scene okanye umfanekiso-by-image metadata control, High Speed ​​​​Refresh ( I-HFR), i-eARC kunye nobuchwepheshe obufana neNqanaba lokuHlaziywa okuGuquguqukayo (i-VRR), uTshintsho loMqondiso oKhawulezayo (QMS) okanye uThutho lweSakhelo esiKhawulezayo (QFT). Ikwabandakanya iMowudi eLatency ePhantsi ezenzekelayo (ALLM).

Nangona kunjalo, kunye nomgangatho we-HDMI 2.1, abavelisi abaninzi baye badlala ukungcola kancinci ukuze bangabikho kwaye benze ukuthengisa ngokuthengisa oko bangenakho. I-HDMI 2.1 ngumgangatho onokuxhasa inani elipheleleyo leenkcukacha. Lo mgangatho ubandakanya uwonke womgangatho wangaphambili kwaye wazisa uphuculo olutsha. Ingxaki kukuba abavelisi abaninzi basebenzise le nkcukacha incinci ukukhupha izinto ezingenazo oomabonakude babo. Kungenxa yokuba iTV ixhasa i-HDMI 2.1 ayithethi ukuba inazo zonke iimpawu zayo. Le ngxaki iye yaqina kancinci ngenxa yokuba i-HDMI.org ayizisanga umyalelo, ishiya ukuba ifundwe phakathi kwemigca ekufuneka ibe ngumxhasi ngokwakhe omele ahambe kwiinkcukacha zesixhobo kwaye abone ukuba zeziphi iimpawu zobugcisa ze-HDMI 2.1. zixhaswa kwisixhobo. Oku kubonakala ngathi yimpazamo kuthi, kwaye i-HDMI.org kufuneka ibeke umyalelo ukuze wenze umgangatho wabo ube lula ngakumbi ukuyiqonda, kunokuba ngenye indlela. Ngoko ke, ingcebiso kuphela esinokukunika yona ukuze ulungele kukuba uyazi iinkcukacha ozifunayo kakuhle kwaye ukhangele kwi-HDMI 2.1 iliso okanye umabonwakude oza kuthenga ukuba ubandakanyiwe okanye awukho.

Umahluko phakathi kweenkcukacha

Kule theyibhile unokubona ubugcisa obuhlukeneyo obukhoyo kunye nemigangatho yeHDMI ebaxhasayo. Njengoko sikuxelele, i-HDMI 2.1 ixhasa nganye kunye nenye yeempawu zabanduleli bayo. Yiyo loo nto lo mgangatho uvelise ukubhideka okungaka.

Ukukunika umzekelo, kunokwenzeka ngokupheleleyo ukuba uthenge iTV nge-HDMI 2.1 kwaye ayixhasi iVRR okanye i-ALLM. Ukuba unomdla kwezi zinto zimbini-eziphantse zibaluleke kakhulu ukufumana okuninzi kwimidlalo yevidiyo-kuya kufuneka ujonge izixhobo ezine-HDMI 2.1 ekwaxhasa ezo zinto zimbini. Isiphithiphithi, kodwa yindlela abaye benza ngayo umgangatho.

I-HDMI yePlayStation 5 kunye neXbox Series X

Ukuthathela ingqalelo yonke imiqathango ebesiyiphonononge ngaphambili kunye neenkcukacha ezinikezelwa kumgangatho ngamnye, kufuneka wazi ngoku ukuba ukuze ii-consoles ezintsha zisebenze ngokuchanekileyo kwizikrini zanamhlanje, kufuneka usebenzise intambo ye-HDMI 2.1 ukonwabela itekhnoloji efana ne-VRR. kunye ne-ALLM, ke qiniseka ukuba ukhetha intambo efanelekileyo ukuba ufuna ukufumana owona mgangatho wevidiyo ubalaseleyo kwisizukulwana esitsha sezinto ezithuthuzelayo.