Ngentuthuko yanamuhla yezobuchwepheshe esetshenziswa kuma-cinema, ithelevishini noma ukukhangisa ngokwako, izinto ezimangalisayo zingafinyelelwa. Lezi ntuthuko kanye nokunyakaza kwakamuva kwe umkhakha we-audiovisual baye bakwenza kwaba yimfashini futhi ukukhuluma ngezinto ezingamanga ngokuphelele ezidalwe yikhompyutha, ukufakwa esikhundleni sobuso noma, ngisho, abalingisi abavuselelayo ukuze babonakale bebancane ngeminyaka engu-30. Namuhla sifuna ukukhuluma nawe, futhi sicacise ukungabaza okuthile, ngayeamasu amabili athandwa kakhulu womkhakha oshiwo: I-CGI kanye nama-deepfakes.
I-CGI vs DeepFake: ziyini futhi zihluke kanjani?
Naphezu kokuthi ukukhuluma nawe ngalesi sihloko sekudume kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, lezi zindlela (ikakhulukazi i-CGI) ziyinto esetshenziswe isikhathi eside kumamuvi, i-TV nokukhangisa. Kodwa-ke, ukungazi komphakathi kwalezi zindlela ngokuvamile kungase kubangele ukuba badideke noma bacabange ukuthi kuphela "izinto ezenziwe ngekhompyutha". Iqiniso liwukuthi lezi izakhi ezihluke ngokuphelele, kodwa zingahambisana.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi sinesu CGI noma "Izithombe Ezikhiqizwe Ngekhompyutha", ezaziwa nangokuthi izithombe ezikhiqizwe ngekhompuyutha. Lezi zinhlobo zezithombe, kungaba yi-3D noma i-2D, zivame ukusetshenziswa kwezobuciko, amamuvi, izinhlelo ze-TV nezikhangiso, noma imidlalo yevidiyo.
Uma kukhulunywa ngefilimu nethelevishini, i-CGI ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza kabusha izigcawu, ezikhathini eziningi, ezizoba kubiza kakhulu ukudala empilweni yangempela kunokuwakhiqiza ngokusebenzisa amasu okuhlanganisa athuthukile ngamakhompyutha. Kepha, ukukuthatha ngokwedlulele, kunezigcawu ukube bekungeyona i-CGI bezizoba khona izigcawu ebezingeke zitholakale uma kungenjalo, njengomdlali oshonile noma umlingisi ovela efilimini noma ochungechungeni. Isibonelo se-CGI kungaba imidwebo ekhiqizwe ikhompuyutha yochungechunge oludumile lwe-Mandalorian.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inqubo ye Deepfake, isifinyezo sesiNgisi esakhiwe ukuhlangana kwegama fake ("amanga" ngeSpanishi) kanye ukufunda okujulile (“ukufunda ngokujulile” ngesi-Spanish). Lena inqubo eyenziwa kusetshenziswa ikhompuyutha yobuhlakani bokwenziwa evame ukusetshenziswa kufilimu noma kumabonakude ikakhulukazi ukuze kushintshwe ubuso, kubuvuselele kabusha noma buguge ngendlela engokoqobo kakhulu. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi, futhi, into eyenziwa yikhompyutha kodwa le nqubo idinga imithombo yangempela emi-2 ukuze isetshenziswe.
Ukuze sonke sikuqonde kahle futhi kuchazwe ngendlela elula kakhulu, ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-AI nokubonwa kobuso zonke izici zemodeli ethi «A» esifuna, isibonelo, ukufaka esikhundleni sobuso bomunye umuntu, ziyahlaziywa. Manje ngemodeli yethu ethi "B", ubuso bayo bukhethelwe ukushintshwa, sidinga ukwakha "isizindalwazi" sesici ngasinye sobuso bakhe ngevidiyo noma ngezithombe eziningi ezivela ezinhlangothini ezahlukene. Uma yonke idatha ye-morphological yobuso besihloko B isikhishiwe, ukuqondanisa kwezici zobuso zesihloko A kwenziwa ukuze "kulungiswe" ubuso bakhe ngawo wonke ama-engeli angaba khona. Ukwazi izici zawo womabili amamodeli, siyaqhubeka nokuvumelanisa ubuso bobabili sisebenzisa amasu ekhompiyutha, sithola ngenxa yalokho into efana nemaski ebusweni besihloko A. Ukuqeda umsebenzi, nakuba yonke le nqubo ijule kakhulu , ukuhlanganisa kanye ne-vfx zisetshenziselwa "ukususa imfuhlumfuhlu".
El amaphuzu wokugcina, uma kwenziwe ngendlela efanele, kusho ukuthi umlingiswa A ufana kakhulu (ngokwendlela yokuma kobuso bakhe) nomlingiswa B. Isibonelo se-deepfake kungaba yileso sesithombe esilandelayo, lapho ubuso bushintshiwe khona. UJack Nicholson ku-"The Shining" ngumlingisi uJim Carrey.
I-CGI eyaziwa kakhulu ne-Deekfake
Manje njengoba wazi okwengeziwe ngalezi zindlela ezidumile ezisetshenziswa kufilimu, umabona kude, nakweminye imidiya eminingi, sifuna ukukubonisa ezinye I-CGI kanye nama-deepfakes adume kakhulu okwamanje. Abanye baye bagxekwa kakhulu futhi manje siyachaza ukuthi kungani.
I-CGI egxekiwe ye-Mandalorian
Njengoba sesishilo imigqa embalwa edlule, ukusebenzisa indlela ye-CGI ebhayisikobho ukuze kusetshenziswe abalingiswa kuwuhlelo losuku. Futhi benza kanjalo esiqeshini sokugcina se I-Mandalorian 2 ngokuvela kabusha a uLuke Skywalker omncane kakhulu.
Asikho isitatimende esisemthethweni esivela kwaDisney esichaza izinqubo ezilandelwayo zalezi zigcawu, kodwa okusobala ukuthi azizange zipholishwe ngendlela okufanele zibe ngayo (nokwazi okwengeziwe ngezabelomali eziphathwayo).
Ngemuva kwenjabulo yabalandeli ngemuva kokubona omunye wabalingiswa babo abathandayo "ebuyiselwa ekuphileni" ngokubukeka kwakhe eminyakeni yama-70s, ukugxekwa kwezinto ezingezona ezingokoqobo eziqukethwe kulezi zigcawu akuzange kuthathe isikhathi eside ukuvela.
Ukubamba isikhathi, abadali be USam & Niko, isiteshi se-YouTube esikhethekile ekuhleleni amavidiyo nemiphumela ekhethekile, sinqume ukuzama ukuthuthukisa lezi zigcawu futhi zenze njalo.
Njengoba bechaza kwenye yamavidiyo abo, kuhlaziye kahle ukunyakaza nezici zobuso (kanye ku amaphutha okukhanyisa nokuthungwa abaphawula ngeziqeshana lapho kuvela khona uLuka). Ngemva kwalokho, besebenzisa inqolobane, bahlaziya inani elikhulu lamavidiyo nezithombe zomlingiswa lapho enokubukeka ayekufuna. Ngemva kwakho konke lokhu kuhlaziywa, futhi ngosizo lwemishini enamandla kakhulu yokucubungula yonke into, basebenzisa i- indlela ye-deepfake ukubeka imaski ka-Luke Skywalker endaweni yesehlakalo edalwe ngabakwaDisney ku-The Mandalorian.
Ingabe umphumela wakho ubungcono? Ungazihlulela wena ngokubuka ividiyo yakhe kodwa, ngokubona kwethu, ukuthuthuka kuyamangalisa.
I-CGI kaWill Smith eGemini
Esinye sezimo ezithandwa kakhulu zokusetshenziswa kwalezi zindlela eminyakeni yamuva kwakuyifilimu Gemini. Kuyo sibona uWill Smith oneminyaka engu-51 elwa nomunye “Will” oneminyaka engu-23.
Nakulokhu futhi, i- ukukhiqizwa kwezithombe zekhompyutha eduze ne amasu okubona ubuso kanye ne-AI Bavumele isici sobuso ngasinye somlingisi ukuthi sihlaziywe ngo-2019, bese sihlanganiswa nezithombe zokubukeka kwakhe lapho eseneminyaka engama-20. Ngenhlanhla, u-Will Smith unengobo yomlando enkulu yezigcawu ngalesi sikhathi njengaku-movie Amaphoyisa amabili angamahlongandlebe, noma ungene Amadoda amnyama.
U-Will ngokwakhe uchaza ingxenye yenqubo (ebonisa izithombe eziningi ezingemuva kwesigcawu) kuvidiyo esiteshini sakhe se-YouTube.
I-Deepfake Lola Flores
Isibonelo esicacile asikwazanga ukushiywa ngaphandle kwesikhangiso sakamuva esivela enkampanini kabhiya we-Cruzcampo lapho, kusetshenziswa indlela ye-Deepfake, bavuselele umculi odumile uLola Flores.
Uma ufuna ukwazi ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi le nqubo isetshenziswe kanjani ukukhiqiza kusho Bheka ukukhangisa, esiteshini se-YouTube sale nkampani baphinde balandisa ngenqubo kuvidiyo.
Inkathi yeselula: izinhlelo zokusebenza zokwenza ama-Deepfakes ngeselula yakho
Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka ngokushesha, futhi izinto esasizidinga ngaphambili imishini enamandla kakhulu manje zingenziwa ngomakhalekhukhwini bethu.
Inqubo ye Deepfakes ngesinye isibonelo salokhu. Kukhona ezihlukahlukene izinhlelo zokusebenza okusivumela ukuthi sithathe isithombe ozishuthe sona futhi, emizuzwaneni embalwa nje, sibeke ubuso bethu kubalingiswa abadumile emhlabeni jikelele njenga u-Harry Potter, U-Shakira noma uCaptain Jack Sparrow, phakathi kokunye okuningi.
Njengoba ungacabanga, lawa angamamodeli alungisiwe lapho, ngezibalo ezimbalwa kunalezo ezenziwa ku-movie noma ku-TV, kusivumela ukuthi sibeke ubuso bethu kuwo ngendlela elula kodwa eyimpumelelo. Ngeke sikhohlise muntu, kodwa ukuthumela ezinkundleni zokuxhumana noma sihleke, kungaphezu kokwanele.
Isibonelo salokhu uhlelo lokusebenza Isingeniso. Njengoba sinitshelile, kulula njengokulandela izinyathelo esinikezwa uhlelo lokusebenza futhi, ngemuva kokuthatha isithombe ozishuthe sona futhi sihlaziywe, singashintsha ubuso bethu esikhundleni salabo babalingiswa abaziwayo bezinhlobo ezahlukene. Yebo, sesivele sikuxwayisile ukuthi uma ufuna ukujabulela lolu hlelo lokusebenza kahle, kuzodingeka ukhokhe.
Esinye isibonelo uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-iface, olutholakala kuphela kumafoni we-Apple. Umsebenzi uyafana nowangaphambilini:
- Siqala uhlelo lokusebenza.
- Usicela ukuthi sizithwebule ukuze siyihlaziye.
- Sikhetha kwesinye sezifanekiso zamahhala kukhathalogi yazo futhi, emizuzwaneni embalwa nje, ubuso bethu bubhekene nobomdlali, umculi noma umuntu owaziwayo emphakathini.
Kepha, futhi, kuzofanela sidlule ekuphumeni ukuze sisebenzise wonke amamodeli alolu hlelo lokusebenza.