Iyiphi i-HDMI engiyidingayo ku-TV yami? Amakhebula, izixhumi namazinga

Uma sikhuluma ngevidiyo, isixhumi esisezingeni eliphezulu namuhla yi-HDMI. Lapho eminyakeni embalwa edlule sikhuluma nge-euroconnector nazo zonke izikhonkwane zayo, ngenhlanhla namuhla, ukuxhuma idivayisi kukhawulelwe ekubekeni isixhumi esincane okulula ukusixhuma. I-HDMI, ichweba elifihla izindinganiso eziningi okufanele uzazi.

Zonke izinhlobo ze-HDMI ezikhona

Nakuba isixhumi singase sifane ngesimo kumadivayisi amaningi, akusho ukuthi wonke asebenza ngokufanayo. Ichweba liye lashintsha eminyakeni edlule, kancane kancane lithuthukisa isivinini salo futhi lengeza izici ezengeziwe. Into emangalisa ukuthi kukhona izintambo eziklanyelwe imisebenzi ekhethekile, ngakho-ke inhlangano evamile ye-HDMI ibhale izigaba ezilandelayo.

Izinhlobo zekhebula le-HDMI

Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuthola ikhebula elifanelana nezidingo zakho. Akuzona zonke izintambo ze-HDMI ezifanayo, futhi hhayi nje ngenxa yesixhumi sazo, kodwa nangenxa yekhwalithi yezintambo ezingaphakathi. Lezi yizo zonke izinhlobo zezintambo ze-HDMI ezikhona:

• Standard: Idizayinelwe ukusetshenziswa kuma-elekthronikhi omthengi anezinqumo ezisukela phakathi kuka-720p no-1080i. Kuyivelakancane ukuthola lezi zinhlobo zamakhebuli namuhla ngoba zithathelwe indawo entsha ye-Hight Speed ​​​​.
• Okujwayelekile nge-Ethernet: Imodeli efana nezinga elikhethekile lokuhlanganisa isiteshi esizinikele ngokukhethekile ekudluliselweni kwedatha yenethiwekhi.
• Izimoto Ezijwayelekile: Ikhebula elakhelwe ngokukhethekile ukusetshenziswa emkhakheni wezimoto. Lolu hlobo lwekhebula lusekela amasiginali wamandla aphezulu, lumelana nokudlidliza futhi isixhumi salo ngokuvamile siwuhlobo lwe-HDMI E olunesigxivizo sokuphepha.
• Speed ​​High: Yimodeli yamanje esetshenziswa kakhulu futhi esatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke. Yethula ithuba lokuphatha okuqukethwe kwe-1080p nokufinyelela izinqumo ze-4K ezithombeni ezingu-30 ngomzuzwana, kanye nokuhambisana nefomethi ye-3D.
• Isivinini esikhulu nge-Ethernet: Ikhebuli efanayo nangaphezulu ngokwethulwa kweshaneli ye-Ethernet ukuze kuxhunywe amadivayisi ngenethiwekhi yendawo.
• I-High Speed ​​​​Automotive: Ikhebuli yakhelwe ukusetshenziswa emkhakheni wezimoto futhi ekwazi ukuphatha isixazululo esingu-1080p kanye ne-4K/30p.
• Isivinini esiphezulu se-Premium: Eqa isivinini esisodwa. Ngalolu hlobo lwezintambo sizokwazi ukufinyelela izinqumo ze-4K ngezithombe ezingu-60 ngomzuzwana, sithumele isignali yevidiyo nge-HDR futhi okuhlanganisa isikhala sombala njenge-BT.2020.
• Isivinini esiphezulu kakhulu: Yikhebuli enconywayo njengamanje ukuthi isetshenziswe kumadivayisi akamuva kakhulu nakamuva. Isizathu siwukuthi isekela ukucaciswa kwe-HDMI 2.1 okukwazi ukuhambisa izithombe ngokulungiswa kwe-8K ezithombeni ezingu-60 ngomzuzwana kanye ne-4K ezithombeni ezingu-120 ngomzuzwana. I-bandwidth yale khebula ifinyelela ku-48 Gbps, futhi iyakwazi ukumelana nokuphazanyiswa kumadivayisi aseduze angenawaya.

Izinhlobo zokuxhuma kwe-HDMI

Izixhumi ze-HDMI zibonakala kalula, kodwa kukhona okuhlukile ongase ukuphuthe. Sikushiya nohlu lwezixhumanisi ezihlukene ezikhona namuhla ngefomethi ye-HDMI:

• Uhlobo A: Kuyisixhumi esivamile se-HDMI, leso esizosithola kumadivayisi amaningi. Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Standard, yisixhumi esinikeze impilo ku-HDMI kusukela yasungulwa futhi yileso wonke umuntu ayibona kanjalo. Iqukethe amaphinikhodi angu-19.
• Uhlobo B: Kuyisixhumi se-Dual-Link esingakaze sisetshenziswe kakhulu futhi manje sesicishe sahamba. Ayikho imikhiqizo yokuthengisa enikezayo, ngakho-ke kuzoba nzima ukuyithola. Ifaka ukucushwa okunwetshiwe kwamaphini angama-29.
• Thayipha C: I-HDMI Mini, incane futhi ihlangene kakhulu kuneyasekuqaleni, ngokuvamile etholakala kumakhamera nakumadivayisi amancane. Ibonakala ngokuba isixhumi esiyisicaba futhi esinde. 19 izikhonkwane zokuxhuma.
• Thayipha D: I-HDMI encane. Isisho esincane sesixhumi samaphini angu-19. Isetshenziswa kumadivayisi amancane namancane kakhulu. Yileyo enikezwa ku-Raspberry Pi 4.
• Thayipha u-E: Isixhumi esikhethekile esisetshenziswa embonini yezimoto. Kuyisixhumi esikhudlwana futhi esinezindlela zokuphepha zokugwema ukunqanyulwa.

Izinguqulo ze-HDMI

Kucatshangelwa ukuvela kwekhwalithi yokukhiqiza yezintambo, izinga le-HDMI belilokhu likhuphuka ezingeni ukuze linikeze kancane kancane izici ezingcono ngokwekhwalithi yesithombe nemisebenzi eyengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, njengoba iminyaka idlula, inhlangano ye-HDMI ishicilele imininingwane emisha yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kuye ngohlobo lwekhebula nesixhumi.

Izinguqulo ezahlukene esingazithola emakethe yilezi ezilandelayo:

I-HMDI 1.0

• I-HDMI i-1.0: Ikhishwe ngo-2002, le ncazelo iyisisekelo se-HDMI. Yazalelwa ukuhlanganisa umsindo nevidiyo kukhebuli efanayo ngokusekelwe ku-DVI engasekho manje.
• I-HDMI i-1.1: Bekuyinguqulo encane, njengoba ifake nje ukusekelwa kwe-DVD-Audio

I-HDMI i-1.2

• I-HDMI i-1.2: Yafika ngo-2005 futhi yengeza inketho ye-One Bit Audio efakwe kuma-Super Audio CD. Ifake amafomethi amasha afana ne-720p ku-100 Hz kanye ne-720p ku-120 HZ.
• I-HDMI 1.2a: Isibuyekezo esincane kodwa esibalulekile esiye sakhululwa ngemva kokuqeda izimfuneko ze-Consumer Electronic Control (CEC), ezikuvumela ukuthi ulawule amadivayisi axhumeke ku-HDMI ngesilawuli kude esisodwa.

I-HDMI i-1.3

• I-HDMI i-1.3: Ikhishwe ngo-2006, engeza umkhawulokudonsa wevidiyo omusha ku-8,16 Gbit/s ngokulungiswa kwamaphikseli angu-1.920 x 1.080 ngo-120 Hz noma amaphikseli angu-2.560 x 1.440 ngo-60 Hz. Usekelo lwe-Dolby TrueHD lufakwe okokuqala ngqa kanye ne-DTS HD-Master Audio ukuze udlale lawo mazwi. ama-codec kuma-amplifiers angaphandle we-AV.
• I-HDMI 1.3a: Isibuyekezo esincane esifake phakathi izinguquko kusixhumi sohlobo C nezinye izinguquko ku-CEC, njengokulawula isikhathi nemiyalo ehlobene nomsindo.

I-HDMI i-1.4

• I-HDMI i-1.4: Ifika ngo-2009 ukuze kukhushulwe umkhawulokudonsa ozofinyelela ngawo izinqumo zamaphikseli angu-4.096 x 2.160 ku-24 Hz, 3.840 x 2.160 ku-24, 25 kanye no-30 Hz kanye namaphikiseli angu-1.920 x 1080 ekuthinteni kokuqala okungu-120 Hz kungu-4K ukuthintana kokuqala okungu-100. , futhi yethula isiteshi se-Ethernet, ikwazi ukufaka uxhumano lwe-Ethernet engu-3 Mbit/s phakathi kwamadivayisi amabili e-HDMI. I-ARC, i-XNUMXD phezu kwe-HDMI kanye nesixhumi esisha se-HDMI esincane siyethulwa.
• I-HDMI 1.4a: Idizayinelwe ukuthuthukisa imakethe yevidiyo ye-3D eyaqala ukukhula ngo-2010. Idinga izikrini ezinefomethi ye-3D.
• I-HDMI i-1.4b: Yethulwe ukuze kucaciswe eminye imininingwane yenguqulo yangaphambilini. Iwukucaciswa kwakamuva okunikezwe ilayisense yi-HDMI LLC.

I-HDMI i-2.0

• I-HDMI i-2.0: Ngo-2014 kuza ukugxuma okukhulu ngekhwalithi, okuvame ukwaziwa nge-HDMI UHD. Umkhawulokudonsa ukhula ube ngu-14,4 Gbit/s ngevidiyo, ukwazi ukuthwala ividiyo ngefomethi engu-4K ngezithombe ezingu-60 ngomzuzwana namabhithi angu-24 ngephikseli ngayinye ekujuleni kombala. Ihlanganisa iziteshi zomsindo ezifika kwezingama-32, ukubukeka kwe-21:9, ukuvumelanisa okunamandla kwe-A/V, nezinye izici eziningi ezigxile kuvidiyo yesimanje.
• I-HDMI 2.0a: Ingeza ukusekelwa kwevidiyo ye-HDR ngemethadatha.
• I-HDMI i-2.0b: Kufaka phakathi ukusekelwa kwe-HDR10 namazinga we-HLG.

I-HDMI i-2.1

Yizinga elikhona manje neliphelele elikhona namuhla. Yethulwe ekupheleni kuka-2017, futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ugxumele ekulungisweni kwe-8K ezithombeni eziyi-120 ngomzuzwana nge-bandwidth yayo engu-48 Gbit/s. Iphinde isekele i-4K ezithombeni eziyi-120 ngomzuzwana. Ukuze ujabulele zonke izici zaleli zinga, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ikhebula le-Ultra High Speed ​​​​engezwe ngalesi sizukulwane.

Ngobuchwepheshe, leli zinga lingasekela izinqumo ezingu-10K ku-120 Hz. Ngokuphathelene nazo zonke ezinye izici, i-HDMI 2.1 isetha ibha phezulu kakhulu: i-HDR eguquguqukayo enokulawulwa kwesigameko ngesigameko noma ukulawulwa kwemethadatha yesithombe ngesithombe, Ukuvuselela Isivinini esikhulu ( I-HFR), i-eARC kanye nobuchwepheshe obufana ne-Variable Refresh Rate (VRR), Ushintsho Lwesiginali Esheshayo (QMS) noma I-Quick Frame Transport (QFT). Iphinde ifake ne-Automatic Low Latency Mode (ALLM).

Kodwa-ke, ngezinga le-HDMI 2.1, abakhiqizi abaningi badlale okungcolile ukuze banike ulwazi olungalungile futhi benze ukuthengisa ngokuthengisa lokho abangenakho. I-HDMI 2.1 iyindinganiso engasekela inani eliphelele lokucaciswa. Leli zinga lihlanganisa lonke izinga langaphambilini futhi lethula ukuthuthukiswa okusha. Inkinga ukuthi abakhiqizi abaningi basebenzise le mininingwane emincane ukuze bakhiphe izici omabonakude babo abangenazo. Ngenxa yokuthi i-TV isekela i-HDMI 2.1 akusho ukuthi inazo zonke izici zayo. Le nkinga iye yaba mbi nakakhulu ngoba ngisho ne-HDMI.org ayizange ilethe ukuhleleka, ishiye ukuthi ifundwe phakathi kwemigqa ukuthi kufanele kube iklayenti uqobo okufanele liye emibhalweni yocingo futhi libone ukuthi yiziphi izici zobuchwepheshe ze-HDMI 2.1 asekelwa kudivayisi. Lokhu ngokusobala kubonakala kuyiphutha kithina, futhi i-HDMI.org kufanele ibe ibeka i-oda ukuze yenze izinga layo libe lula ukuliqonda, kunokuba kube ngenye indlela. Ngakho-ke, okuwukuphela kweseluleko esingakunikeza ukuze uzilungiselele ukuthi uyazi imininingwane oyidingayo kahle futhi uhlole imonitha ye-HDMI 2.1 noma ithelevishini ozoyithenga uma ifakiwe noma cha.

Umehluko phakathi kokucaciswayo

Kuleli thebula ungabona ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile bamanje nokuthi yiziphi izindinganiso ze-HDMI ezizisekelayo. Njengoba sikutshelile, i-HDMI 2.1 isekela isici ngasinye sabanduleli bayo. Yingakho leli zinga lidale ukudideka okungaka.

Ukukunikeza isibonelo, kungenzeka ukuthi uthenge i-TV ene-HDMI 2.1 futhi ayisekeli i-VRR noma i-ALLM. Uma unentshisekelo kulezi zici ezimbili - ezicishe zibaluleke kakhulu ukuze uthole okuningi emidlalweni yevidiyo - kuzodingeka ubheke amadivayisi ane-HDMI 2.1 nawo asekela lezo zici ezimbili. Isiphithiphithi, kodwa yileyo ndlela abaye benza ngayo izinga.

I-HDMI ye-PlayStation 5 ne-Xbox Series X

Ngokucabangela yonke imigomo esiye sayibuyekeza ngaphambilini kanye nezicaciso ezinikezwa yizinga ngalinye, kufanele wazi manje ukuthi ukuze ama-consoles amasha asebenze kahle ezikrinini zesimanje, kufanele usebenzise ikhebula le-HDMI 2.1 ukuze ujabulele ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-VRR. kanye ne-ALLM, ngakho qiniseka ukuthi ukhetha ikhebula elilungile uma ufuna ukuthola ikhwalithi yevidiyo engcono kakhulu esizukulwaneni esisha sama-consoles.