Chii HDMI chandinoda paTV yangu? Cables, connectors uye zviyero

Kana tikataura nezve vhidhiyo, chinongedzo par kugona nhasi iHDMI. Apo makore mashoma apfuura takataura nezveeuroconnector nemapini ayo ese, rombo rakanaka nhasi, kubatanidza mudziyo kwave kugumira pakuisa diki chinongedzo chiri nyore kubatanidza. IHDMI, chiteshi chinovanza zviyero zvakawanda zvaunofanira kuziva.

Mhando dzese dzeHDMI dziripo

Kunyangwe iyo yekubatanidza ingave yakafanana muchimiro pamidziyo yakawanda, hazvireve kuti ese anoshanda zvakafanana. Chiteshi chakashanduka nekufamba kwemakore, zvishoma nezvishoma ichivandudza kumhanya kwayo uye kuwedzera mamwe maficha. Chinhu chinoshamisa ndechekuti kune tambo dzakagadzirirwa mabasa akakosha, saka iyo HDMI standard sangano yakanyora zvinotevera zvikamu.

HDMI tambo mhando

Chinhu chekutanga chauchafanirwa kuita kutsvaga tambo inonyatsoenderana nezvido zvako. Haasi ose matambo eHDMI akafanana, uye kwete chete nekuda kwekubatanidza kwavo, asiwo nekuda kwehutano hwetambo mukati. Aya ndiwo marudzi ese eHDMI tambo aripo:

• Standard: Yakagadzirirwa chaizvo kushandiswa mumagetsi evatengi ane zvigadziriso zvinotangira pakati pe720p ne1080i. Kashoma kuwana marudzi aya ematambo nhasi nekuti akatsiviwa neayo matsva eHight Speed ​​​​.
• Yakajairwa neEthernet: Modhi yakafanana neyakajairwa nekusarudzika kwekusanganisira chiteshi chakanyatso kutsaurirwa kunetiweki data data.
• Standard Automotive: Cable yakanyatsogadzirirwa kushandiswa muchikamu chemotokari. Rudzi urwu rwetambo runotsigira masaini emagetsi epamusoro, anoshingirira kuzununguka uye chinongedzo chayo chinowanzo kuve HDMI Type E ine simbi yekuchengetedza.
• High Speed: Ndiyo muenzaniso wazvino uno unonyanya kushandiswa uye kuparadzirwa pasi rose. Inozivisa mukana wekubata 1080p zvirimo uye kusvika 4K resolution pamifananidzo makumi matatu pasekondi, pamwe nekuenderana ne30D fomati.
• High Speed ​​​​neEthernet: Same tambo sepamusoro nekuunzwa kweEthernet chiteshi kutaurirana zvishandiso kuburikidza netiweki yemuno.
• High Speed ​​​​Motokari: Cable yakagadzirirwa kushandiswa muchikamu chemotokari uye inokwanisa kubata 1080p uye 4K/30p resolution.
• Premium High Speed: Imwezve kumhanya kumhanya. Nemhando iyi yetambo tichakwanisa kusvika 4K resolution pamifananidzo 60 pasekondi, tichitumira chiratidzo chevhidhiyo neHDR uye kusanganisira nzvimbo yeruvara seBT.2020.
• Ultra High Speed: Ndiyo tambo yakakurudzirwa parizvino kuti ishandiswe mune zvechizvino-zvino uye zvechizvino-zvino. Chikonzero ndechekuti inotsigira HDMI 2.1 tsanangudzo inokwanisa kufambisa mifananidzo mu8K resolution pamifananidzo makumi matanhatu pasekondi uye 60K pamifananidzo zana nemakumi maviri pasekondi. Iyo bandwidth yetambo iyi inosvika 4 Gbps, uye zvakare inokwanisa kuramba kukanganiswa kubva kune iri pedyo isina waya michina.

Mhando dzeHDMI zvinongedzo

HDMI zvinongedzo zvinoonekwa zviri nyore, asi pane zvimwe zvakasiyana zvaungapotsa. Isu tinokusiira iwe nerondedzero yeakasiyana majoiniti aripo nhasi ane HDMI fomati:

• Type A: Ndiyo yakajairwa HDMI yekubatanidza, iyo yatichawana mumidziyo mizhinji. Iyo inozivikanwawo seStandard, ndiyo yekubatanidza yakapa hupenyu kuHDMI kubva payakavambwa uye iyo inocherechedzwa nemunhu wese seyakadaro. Inosanganisira 19 pini.
• Type B: Iyo Dual-Link yekubatanidza iyo isati yashandiswa zvakanyanya uye yave kuda kupera. Iko hakuna zvigadzirwa zvekutengesa zvinopa iyo, saka zvichave zvakaoma kuiwana. Iyo inoratidzira yakawedzera 29-pini kumisikidzwa.
• Nyorai C: Ndiyo HDMI Mini, idiki uye yakawanda compact pane yekutanga, kazhinji inowanikwa mumakamera uye zvidiki zvishandiso. Iyo inoratidzirwa nekuve yakati sandara uye yakareba yekubatanidza. 19 mapini ekubatanidza.
• Tora D: Iyo micro HDMI. Iyo kushoma kutaura kwe19-pini yekubatanidza. Inoshandiswa mumidziyo midiki uye midiki kwazvo. Ndiyo inopihwa muRaspberry Pi 4.
• Tora E: Yakakosha yekubatanidza inoshandiswa muindasitiri yemotokari. Iyo yakakura yekubatanidza uye ine matanho ekuchengetedza kudzivirira kubviswa.

Idzi shanduro dzeHDMI

Tichifunga nezvekushanduka kwekugadzirwa kwemhando yetambo, chiyero cheHDMI chave chichiwedzera pamwero kuti zvishoma nezvishoma zvipe zvinhu zviri nani maererano nemhando yemifananidzo uye mamwe mabasa. Saka, nekufamba kwemakore, sangano reHDMI rakaburitsa zvirevo zvitsva zvekuvimbisa kuita zvinoenderana nerudzi rwetambo uye chinongedzo.

Iwo akasiyana mavhezheni atinogona kuwana pamusika ndeaya anotevera:

HDMI 1.0

• HDMI 1.0: Yakaburitswa muna 2002, iyi yakatarwa ndiyo yekutanga yeHDMI. Yakazvarwa kuti ibatanidze odhiyo nevhidhiyo mune imwechete tambo zvichienderana neiyo yapera DVI.
• HDMI 1.1: Yakanga iri kudzokorora diki, sezvo yaingosanganisira rutsigiro rweDVD-Audio

HDMI 1.2

• HDMI 1.2: Yakasvika muna 2005 uye yakawedzera iyo One Bit Audio sarudzo inosanganisirwa muSuper Audio CDs. Yaisanganisira mafomu matsva akadai se720p pa100 Hz uye 720p pa120 HZ.
• HDMI 1.2a: Chinhu chiduku asi chakakosha chekuvandudza chakabudiswa mushure mekuzadzisa zvinodiwa neConsumer Electronic Control (CEC), izvo zvakakubvumira kuti utore kutonga kweHDMI-yakabatanidzwa michina ine imwechete kure kure.

HDMI 1.3

• HDMI 1.3: Yakabudiswa muna 2006, wedzera vhidhiyo itsva bandwidth pa8,16 Gbit/s ine zvigadziriso zve1.920 x 1.080 pixels pa 120 Hz kana 2.560 x 1.440 pixels pa 60 Hz. Dolby TrueHD rutsigiro rwakasanganisirwa kekutanga uye DTS HD-Master Audio kutamba izvi macodecs pane ekunze AV amplifiers.
• HDMI 1.3a: Diki update iyo yaisanganisira kugadziridzwa kune Type C yekubatanidza uye dzimwe shanduko kuCEC, senge nguva yekudzora uye inoenderana nemirairo.

HDMI 1.4

• HDMI 1.4: Inosvika muna 2009 kuti iwedzere bandwidth yekusvitsa zvisungo zve4.096 x 2.160 pixels pa 24 Hz, 3.840 x 2.160 pa 24, 25 uye 30 Hz uye 1.920 x 1080 pixels pa120K yekutanga kuonana ne4K. , uye inotangisa chiteshi cheEthernet, ichikwanisa kubatanidza 100 Mbit/s Ethernet yekubatanidza pakati pemidziyo miviri yeHDMI. ARC, 3D pamusoro peHDMI uye itsva micro HDMI yekubatanidza inounzwa.
• HDMI 1.4a: Yakagadzirirwa kukwidziridza 3D vhidhiyo musika yakatanga kukura muna 2010. Inoda masikirini ane 3D fomati.
• HDMI 1.4b: Yakatangwa kuti ijekese zvimwe zveshanduro yapfuura. Ndiyo yazvino yakatarwa inopihwa rezinesi neHDMI LLC.

HDMI 2.0

• HDMI 2.0: Muna 2014 kunouya kusvetuka kukuru mumhando, inowanzozivikanwa seHDMI UHD. Iyo bandwidth inokura kusvika 14,4 Gbit/s yevhidhiyo, ichikwanisa kutakura vhidhiyo mu4K fomati pamifananidzo makumi matanhatu pasekondi ine 60 bits papixel mukudzika kwemavara. Inosanganisira anosvika makumi matatu nemaviri edhiyo chiteshi, 24: 32 chimiro ratio, ine simba A/V kuwiriranisa, uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvinotarisana nevhidhiyo yemazuva ano.
• HDMI 2.0a: Inowedzera HDR vhidhiyo rutsigiro ine metadata.
• HDMI 2.0b: Inosanganisira rutsigiro rweHDR10 uye HLG zviyero.

HDMI 2.1

Ndiwo chiyero chazvino uye chakakwana chiripo nhasi. Yakatangwa mukupera kwa2017, uye inobvumidza iwe kuti usvetuke ku 8K resolution pamifananidzo 120 pasekondi ine 48 Gbit/s bandwidth. Inotsigirawo 4K pamifananidzo ye120 pasekondi. Kuti unakirwe ese maficha eiyo chiyero, zvinodikanwa kushandisa iyo Ultra High Speed ​​​​cable, yakawedzerwa mukati mechizvarwa chino.

Nehunyanzvi, chiyero ichi chinogona kutsigira 10K resolution pa120 Hz Nezve zvimwe zvese, HDMI 2.1 inoseta bara rakanyatso kukwirira: ine simba HDR ine chiitiko-ne-chiitiko kana mufananidzo-ne-mufananidzo metadata control, High Speed ​​​​Refresh ( HFR), eARC uye matekinoroji akadai seVariable Refresh Rate (VRR), Quick Signal Shanduko (QMS) kana Quick Frame Transport (QFT). Inosanganisirawo Automatic Low Latency Mode (ALLM).

Nekudaro, neiyo HDMI 2.1 yakajairwa, vagadziri vazhinji vakatamba yakasviba zvishoma kuti vataure zvisizvo uye nekutengesa nekutengesa zvavasina. HDMI 2.1 chiyero chinogona kutsigira nhamba yakazara yezvakatemwa. Iyi chiyero inosanganisira kuzara kweiyo yakapfuura chiyero uye inounza kuvandudzwa kutsva. Dambudziko nderekuti vagadziri vazhinji vakashandisa iyi diki diki kuburitsa zvinhu izvo zvivhitivhiti zvavo zvisina. Kungoti TV inotsigira HDMI 2.1 hazvireve kuti ine zvese zvayo. Dambudziko iri rakawedzera zvishoma nekuti kunyange HDMI.org haina kuunza kurongeka, ichisiya kuti iverengerwe pakati pemitsara iyo inofanirwa kunge iri mutengi pachake anofanirwa kuenda kune zvakatemwa zvechishandiso uye kuona kuti ndeapi maitiro eHDMI 2.1. zvinotsigirwa pamudziyo. Izvi zviripachena zvinoita sekunge kukanganisa kwatiri, uye HDMI.org inofanirwa kunge ichiisa kurongeka munzvimbo kuti chiyero chavo chiwedzere uye nyore kunzwisisa, pane imwe nzira yakapoteredza. Naizvozvo, iro chete zano ratinogona kukupa iwe kuti ugadzirire nderekuti iwe unoziva zvakatemwa zvaunoda uye tarisa paHDMI 2.1 yekutarisa kana terevhizheni yauri kuzotenga kana yakabatanidzwa kana kwete.

Kusiyana pakati pezvakatemwa

Mune iyi tafura iwe unogona kuona akasiyana emazuva ano matekinoroji uye ayo HDMI zviyero zvinovatsigira. Sezvatakakuudza, HDMI 2.1 inotsigira chimwe nechimwe chezvimiro zvevakatangira. Ndosaka chiyero ichi chaunza nyonganiso yakawanda.

Kuti ndikupe muenzaniso, zvinokwanisika kuti utenge TV ine HDMI 2.1 uye haitsigire VRR kana ALLM. Kana iwe uchifarira zvinhu zviviri izvi - izvo zvinenge zvakakosha kuti uwane zvakanyanya kubva mumitambo yemavhidhiyo - uchafanirwa kutsvaga michina ine HDMI 2.1 inotsigirawo izvo zviviri maficha. A mess, asi ndiwo magadzirirwo avakaita mwero.

HDMI yePlayStation 5 uye Xbox Series X

Tichifunga nezvese mazwi atakamboongorora uye zvirevo zvinopihwa imwe neimwe yemayero, iwe unofanirwa kuziva ikozvino kuti kuti maconsoles matsva ashande nemazvo pamasikirini emazuva ano, unofanirwa kushandisa HDMI 2.1 tambo kuti unakirwe matekinoroji akadai seVRR. uye ALLM, saka ita shuwa yekusarudza tambo chaiyo kana iwe uchida kuwana yakanakisa vhidhiyo mhando pachizvarwa chitsva chekunyaradza.