Kwakudala ngaphambi kokuba unxunguphalo oluveliswe kukucinga ukuba uyayifumana na iTesla yakho kwi-supercharger ngexesha, abanye bethu sele bephethwe sesi sifo xa sasisekupheleni kweligi yePokémon kunye nesibane esibomvu esincinci kwiGame Boy. kwangena, esilumkisa ukuba Siphelelwa ziibhetri. Ibhetri ibinathi iminyaka kwaye ibingamandla aqhuba ngasemva uninzi lwezinto zokudlala kunye nezinto ezithuthuzelayo. Kodwa…sizazi kakuhle iibhetri? Ngaba zonke ziyafana okanye kukho iimodeli ezingcono kunezinye? ¿kufanelekile ukuthenga ezo zitshajwayo? Namhlanje siza kuzama ukuphendula yonke le mibuzo ukuze ungaphinde ube namathandabuzo xa uthenga iibhetri zezixhobo zakho.
Zeziphi iintlobo zeebhetri ezikhoyo kwaye zenzelwe ntoni kanye kanye?
Sonke siyazi ukuba zikhona iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhetri, kodwa asikhange siphande ngokuyimfuneko ukuba uhlobo ngalunye lwenzelwe ntoni. Ngamanye amaxesha, xa siphambi kweshelufu ye-supermarket sikhetha ezona zincinci, zingathatheli ingqalelo ukuba ixabiso liya kuba nefuthe elithe ngqo kubomi obuncedo bebhetri.
Ngokuyintloko, sinokwahlula phakathi iibhetri ezilahlwayo neziphinda zitshajwe. Igama elichanekileyo kolu hlobo lwesibini liya kuba 'ziibhetri', kodwa sihlala sizibiza ngokuba ziibhetri kuba zigcina ifomathi efanayo kunye nombane. Kwelinye icala, iibhetri ezilahlwayo zohlulwe zibe saline kunye nealkaline. Kwaye ewe, kukho iiyantlukwano ezimbalwa phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini.
Iibhetri zesaline
Ukuba ubona ipakethe yeebhetri ezine nge-euro enye, awudingi ukuyijonga; Zinetyuwa. Ezi bhetri ngexabiso eliphantsi kunye ezo zihlala zincinci yabo bonke. Basebenza nge-oxidizing zinc chloride. Kuya kufuneka uzisebenzise kwizixhobo ezingafuni mandla amaninzi, kodwa enye into encinci. Ukuba uzisebenzisa kwimveliso ye-elektroniki efunwayo, ziya kuphelelwa ngexesha lerekhodi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukupakishwa kolu hlobo lweebhetri aludli ngokubonisa ukuba zinetyuwa.
iibhetri zealkaline
I-electrolyte esetyenziselwa ukwenza iibhetri zealkaline yile i-potassium hydroxide. Ngokwemiqathango elinganayo kunye ne-saline, i-alkaline igxininisa a ukuphakama kwamandla aphezulu, eguqulela ubomi obude obuluncedo kwimveliso. Ayinaqoqosho kangako kunemigodi yetyuwa, kodwa idla ngokuhlawula ixabiso layo kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukomelela kwayo.
Iibhetri zealkaline, kunye neza kutshajwa kwakhona esiza kuzibona ngoku, zezona bhetri zifanelekileyo kwizixhobo ezifuna umthamo omkhulu wamandla okanye ukuba ufuna ukunqanda ukutshintsha rhoqo iibhetri kwisixhobo.
Iibhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeebhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona. Zinefomathi efanayo neebhetri ze-saline okanye i-alkaline, zigcina i-voltage efanayo, kodwa vumela ukutshajwa ngamakhulu okanye amawaka amaxesha. Ngokuxhomekeke kwitekhnoloji ezi bhetri zinabo, ziya kusixabisa imali eninzi okanye encinci. Sekunjalo, ziseninzi zibiza kakhulu kunealkaline. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimodeli esiyithengayo, siya kuba nomdla wokuwatshaja kwakhona ngetshaja yegeneric okanye enye ethile esivumela ukuba silawule ubunzulu bokutshaja okanye sibavavanye ukuphepha impembelelo yenkumbulo yeebhetri.
Enye inzuzo enkulu yolu hlobo lweebhetri kukuba banalo impembelelo ephantsi yokusingqongileyo, ekubeni zinobomi obude obuluncedo kuneebhetri ezilahlwayo. Ezi ntlobo ezikhoyo:
- I-Nickel-Cadmium (NiCd): Usenokufumana iibhetri ezitshajekayo ngale fomula, kodwa ziqala ukunyamalala zixhasa i-NiMH. Ezi bhetri zihlala zine-avareji yobomi be-1000-1500 imijikelo yentlawulo. Kwelinye icala, i-cadmium yikhompawundi engcolisa ngokufanelekileyo. Ukongeza, ezi bhetri zidla ngokufumana ubunzima kwimemori edumileyo ngokulula, ngoko ke usetyenziso ngalunye ludla ngokumela ukuhla okuncinci kumthamo wokutshaja. Nangona kunjalo, isiphumo siyabuyiselwa umva ukuba sisebenzisa itshaja efanelekileyo.
- I-Nickel-Metal Hydride (Ni-MH): ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, elona bhetri ligcwalisekayo onokuthi ulithenge ngokunxulumene nexabiso-ubude bemeko-bume bendalo. Ngokususa i-cadmium kwi-equation, ezi bhetri zanciphisa kakhulu iindleko zazo, zikwaphucula ukurisayikilishwa kwazo. Impembelelo yempembelelo yememori nayo incinci kule mizekelo, nangona nayo iyazikhupha ngokulula (i-30% ngenyanga, hlala uyikhumbula le nto). Ngokuqhelekileyo zihlala ukuya kuma-2000 imijikelo. Ngaphakathi kweli qela, iibhetri ze-LSD-NiMH nazo zavela, ezinezinga eliphantsi lokuzikhupha.
- ILithium Ion (Li-Ion): Basebenzisa itekhnoloji efanayo nebhetri yefowuni yakho ephathwayo. Abanayo impembelelo yememori, abahlupheki kwi-self-discharge phenomenon, kodwa zibiza kakhulu kuneebhetri ze-Ni-MH. Zikwanochuku kakhulu kubushushu, ngoko ke azifanelekanga ukuba uza kusebenza kwisixhobo esiba shushu okanye kwisixhobo esihlala sinyanzelisa ukuphinda kusetyenziswe ibhetri.
Ukutshaja ngokutsha enye yezi bhetri, uya kudinga i umthwalo ethile. Iikiti ezininzi zeebhetri sele ziza netshaja yazo esisiseko. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uza kutshintshela kwiibhetri ezinokutshajwa kwaye uza kwenza utyalo-mali, kungcono uthenge itshaja ephucukileyo nge Bonise. Into eqhelekileyo kukuba uthenga iibhetri ze-Ni-MH ezifanelekileyo-i-lithium zibiza kakhulu kule mihla. Ezi tshaja zikuvumela ukuba uvavanye, ukhuphe, uhlawule kwaye uphelise umphumo wememori yeebhetri ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukongeza, baneenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokutshaja ngesantya esiphezulu okanye esicothayo, oku kuluncedo kakhulu ekwandiseni ubomi obuluncedo beebhetri, kuba ukutshaja kwi-200-500 mAh kuya kubangela ukuba ibhetri yakho ihlawulwe ngaphantsi kunokuba uhlala uyihlawulisa. 2000 mAh, ukunika umzekelo.
Kufuneka ujonge ntoni phambi kokuthenga ibhetri?
- format: Iibhetri ezininzi zidla ngokuba yi-1,5 volts. Nangona kunjalo. Kukho izixhobo ezifuna iibhetri zeAA, AAA, C okanye D-ezokugqibela zezona ziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwizinto zokudlala. I-voltage kule meko iyafana, yintoni eyahlukayo ngumthamo webhetri.
- Ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali: i-saline okanye i-alkaline kwimeko yezinto ezilahlwayo okanye iteknoloji ehambelanayo xa sikhetha ukutshajwa kwakhona. Kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo iimpawu ezintle kunye nezinto ezisilela kuzo. Ukubuyela kwisihloko samathoyizi, eyona nto ingcono yokwenza kukusebenzisa i-alkaline ukuba ukhetha iibhetri ezilahlayo-ngaphandle kokuba ziza kungena ngaphakathi kwethoyizi enomsindo oqhelekileyo, kunjalo.
- Ukuhlawula imijikelezo: Iibhetri ezinokutshajwa zikholisa ukubonisa ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ubomi obuluncedo bubonke bemveliso echazwe kwimijikelo yentlawulo. Isenzo sokukhupha kunye nokutshaja ibhetri kuthathwa njengomjikelo.
- Amandla: Ezilahlwayo azinakufane zikunike olu lwazi, kodwa kwezo ziphinde zitshajwe, kuqhelekile ukuba bachaze olu lwazi kwiiyure zemiliamp. Ukuba oku akunjalo, ngetshaja efanelekileyo yebhetri uya kukwazi ukubona umthamo opheleleyo weyunithi ethile.
Yeyiphi ibhetri ingcono kwimarike?
Ukuba ngeli xesha ebomini awukuthembi okuthethwa zintengiso, unyanisile. Akukho mvelisi uya kuze akuxelele ukuba iibhetri zabo ziqhuba kakubi kunezokhuphiswano. Ngoko kukho nayiphi na indlela ukulinganisa ukuba ibhetri enye ingcono kunenye?
Ewe ewe, kwaye yiloo nto eyenziwa yi-youtuber UMnu.Michal ngomzekelo olula kakhulu. Wasebenzisa kuphela iimodeli ezintathu, kodwa uvavanyo lusebenza ukuqonda ukuba zeziphi iimpawu eziphuma kwi-brand nganye.
UMnu.Michal wasebenzisa iimpawu ezidumileyo kwiimarike. Njengoko ubona, umfuniselo usekwe kusetyenziso lwe spiral yocingo lobhedu olukwimilo yombungu, iimagnethi ezimbini ze-neodymium kunye neebhetri ekuthethwa ngazo. Iimagnethi kufuneka zibe nkulu kancinane ngobubanzi kunobunzima bebhetri, kwaye njengoko ubona, kufuneka zilingane ngokugqibeleleyo kwi-spiral yobhedu.
Ukubeka iimagnethi ezimbini kwibhetri kubangela i ukuveliswa kwebala lombane leyo, kunye conductivity yobhedu, ukunika ubomi a injini ye-homopolar Ilula kakhulu. Ukuthatha le nto, sinokusebenzisa iimpendulo ukuthelekisa ukusebenza kwebhetri nganye phantsi kweemeko ezilinganayo, kanye oko uMr.Michal abonise kwividiyo yakhe.
Kwiimvavanyo wasebenzisa iibhetri Energizer, Varta kunye neDuracell. Uvavanyo olwenziweyo lubandakanya isekethe evaliweyo edla ibhetri yonke ngexesha elibekiweyo, "ingoma yesantya" yokulinganisa ukuphuma kwamandla kunye nomkhondo wokuchasa ukubona ukuba yeyiphi ibhetri echasayo ngamandla angalunganga.
Olu vavanyo lunike iziphumo?
Iziphumo ezifunyenweyo zinomdla kakhulu, kuba sinokubona ukuba imfumba ye I-Duracell ibonakalise ukuba yibhetri leyo ukuzimela okukhulu ezinikezelwa kwisekethe evaliweyo, ukufikelela imizuzu 37 kunye 24 imizuzwana xa kuthelekiswa 27 kunye 26 imizuzu Varta kunye Energizer ngokulandelelanayo.
Kwelinye icala, ngokubhekiselele kumandla, imodeli ye Varta igqibe isekethe ethe tye ngokukhawuleza enkosi kutyhala lokuqala olusuka amandla aphezulu, eshiya i-Duracell kunye ne-Energizer kwindawo yesibini neyesithathu ngokulandelanayo.
Umfuniselo unokuphindwa ngalo naluphi na uhlobo esicinga ukuba siyaluvumela bahlele ngokuzimela kunye namandla okuqala. Ukuzimela kuya kuba nomdla kulawulo olude okanye i-console, umzekelo. Nangona kunjalo, iibhetri ezinokutsalwa okukhulu ziya kufaneleka ngakumbi kwizixhobo ezinosetyenziso oluphezulu kakhulu, olufana ne-flash ephathwayo, nangona kwezi meko, kungcono ukufumana ibhetri egcwalisekayo nayo ivelele kulo mba.