I-Raspberry Pi: imbali yeyona miniPC idumileyo kwihlabathi

La Raspberry Pi Baye baba yimveliso edumileyo kangangokuba kubonakala ngathi bebekunye nathi ubomi bethu bonke, kodwa abakhange. Esi sixhobo esincinci asizange sibe semarike iminyaka emininzi kwaye ibali lendlela eyadalwa ngayo kufanelekile ukwazi. Kuba emva kweplate yokuqala eyenziwe ngumntu omnye, isiseko saphela sifika ngoku sithengisa izigidi minyaka le.

Ibali emva kweRaspberry Pi

Kwi 2006, Eben Upton, injineli yaseBritani enesidanga kwifiziksi nobunjineli kwiYunivesithi yaseCambridge, yayiphanda ngendlela yokuyila ibhodi eyayinazo zonke izinto eziyimfuneko ukuze isebenze ngokwayo esele idityanisiwe. Nangona yayingeyiyo yodwa imiceli mngeni eyayicetyiwe, wayefuna ixabiso lakhe lehle kakhulu.

Bendiyijonge ukuba ingabizi ngaphezulu kwe-30 yeedola, kuba bendifuna ukunceda abantu abancinci ukuba bafikelele kwiPC encinci abanokuthi bazame ngayo kwaye babone zonke izinto ezinokwenzeka ezinikezelwa ziikhompyuter. Ngoko kufuneka usebenze kakhulu ukuze ufumane yonke loo nto.

Ukwenza le plaque, u-Eben Upton waphefumlelwa yinto ekhoyo: i I-Acorn's BBC Micro. Kodwa wayefuna ukuba ibe ncinane kakhulu, yenze kube lula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye iphephe ukugqwesa kweendleko ebengafuni ukuba yenzeke.

Nangona kunjalo, iiprototypes zokuqala zabonakala zingathandeki. Kodwa ekubeni kunjalo, iiprototypes, banikezela ngoyilo olusebenzayo lokuvavanya kunye nokulungisa iskimu sohlobo lokugqibela oluya kuthi lube yiRaspberry Pi yokuqala.

I-Raspberry Pi Foundation iyazalwa

Kwiminyaka emithathu emva kokuqalisa loo projekthi, u-Eben Upton wayesele eqhubele phambili ngokwaneleyo ukuba afune isakhiwo esiza kumvumela ukuba athwale yonke into ngendlela enocwangco kwaye ngaloo ndlela akwazi ukuzalisekisa indawo yokuqala. Yiloo nto yayibangela ukuba idalwe. I-Raspberry Foundation.

Esi siseko sineprofayili yesisa kunye nemfundo esekwe e-UK ababefuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba iindleko zemveliso ziya kuba malunga ne-30 yeedola. Kuba kufuneka sikhumbule kwakhona ukuba ingcamango ka-Upton yayingekokuzuza ubutyebi ngokuthengisa imveliso, kodwa ukwenza kube lula kubantu abancinci abangakwaziyo ukufikelela kwezinye iinketho ezibiza kakhulu xa beqala inkqubo.

Ewe, ayingabo kuphela abafundi bobunjineli abaya kuxhamla, kodwa nabancinci, kwaye oko kwizikolo ezininzi kuthetha ngaphambi nasemva. Ewe, kunye nokuzalwa kolwimi lweScratch, abancinci bafunda ukucwangcisa ngendlela elula kakhulu kwaye ebonakalayo, ukutsala imiyalelo ngokucofa imouse kwaye babone ngokukhawuleza iziphumo zokwenza ikhowudi.

Imvelaphi yegama

I-Raspberry Pi ayilogama kuphela elinobunzima bokubizwa ngabanye, ikwayinto enomdla kakhulu kwiPC encinci. Kodwa kwakuvakala ukuba yayiyiloo nto kuba ngaloo minyaka kubonakala ngathi kwakukho umkhwa othile wamagama okutya. Iinkampani ezifana ne-Apple bezidityaniswe nabanye abafana no-Acorn. Ngoko ukusebenzisa igama lesiNgesi elibhekisela kwiqunube kwakubangel’ umdla.

Ukongeza, ku-Upton ngokwakhe kwakumnandi kwaye ihambelana nombono weprojekthi. Kodwa ithetha ukuthini "ifani" uPi? Asiyoreferensi kwinani kodwa kwi Ulwimi lwenkqubo yePython, esetyenziselwe ukungenisa imiyalelo ngemiyalelo afuna ukuyenza umsebenzisi. Into eye yasebenza ukwahlula kwezinye izindululo ezazisebenzisa iBASIC.

Iziganeko ezinkulu zeRaspberry Pi

Ngayo yonke le nto, i-Raspberry Pi yokuqala yasungulwa ngo-2012 kwaye kwiminyaka edlulileyo ayizange ivele nje kuphela, kodwa inikwe indlela kwiinguqulelo ezintsha ezifana neRaspberry Pi Zero kunye neRaspberry Pico. Iibhodi ezimbini ezifanayo, kodwa zincinci nezinika indawo enkulu yeeprojekthi ezithile. Kwaye konke oku ngelixa ugcina umbono wokunikezelwa ngexabiso eliphantsi.

Nangona kunjalo, ukusukela ngo-2012 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku iRaspberry Pi Foundation ifezekise imida ebalulekileyo:

• NgoSeptemba 2012, iiyunithi ezingama-500 zazisele zithengisiwe.
• Ngo-Oktobha 2013 bafikelele kwizigidi ezi-2
• Inqaku le-5 lezigidi lafikelelwa ngoFebruwari 2015
• Kwiminyaka nje emine, ngoSeptemba ka-2016, bakwazi ukuthengisa iiyunithi ezizigidi ezili-10
• NgoJulayi 2017 bathengise izigidi ezili-15
• Ngo-2018 bafikelele kwi-20 yezigidi zeeyunithi ezithengisiweyo
• Ekupheleni kuka-2019, izigidi ezingama-30 zafikelelwa

Njengoko ubona, amanani ayamangalisa xa uqwalasela ukuba nangona ngoku kukho ulwazi oluninzi kwi-Intanethi ukuqalisa, iiprojekthi, njl., ekuqaleni kwakungekho lula ukuqalisa. Kodwa bekufanelekile ukuphanda konke okunokwenzeka.

Zonke iimodeli zeRaspberry Pi

Ngoku uyazi ukuba yabakho njani iRaspberry Pi, makhe sijonge ukuvela kwale bhodi idumileyo neguquguqukayo yophuhliso. Isixhobo esikwinqanaba loyilo kunye nemilinganiselo asizange sitshintshe. Kuyinyani ukuba kukho utshintsho oluthile ngokuxhomekeke kumacandelo okanye udibaniso oluhlanganisiweyo, kodwa ngokusisiseko kunokuthiwa kuhlala kunjalo.

Ke ngoko, makhe sijonge iimpawu zobugcisa kuzo zonke iimodeli zeRaspberry Pi.

Raspberry Pi Umzekelo B

I-Raspberry Pi B yayiyibhodi yokuqala kwaye yasungulwa ngoFebruwari 2012. Ixabiso layo laliyi-$ 35 kunye neempawu zobuchwepheshe:

• 700Mhz ARM iprosesa
• I-512 MB ye-RAM
• 1 x USB-A
• I-8-pin ye-GPIO isinxibelelanisi
• HDMI
• Iziphumo zomsindo
• Umfundi wekhadi le-SD

Raspberry Pi Umzekelo A +

Ikhutshwe ngoNovemba 2014 kwaye ixabisa i-$ 35 ngokunjalo.

• 700Mhz ARM iprosesa
• I-512 MB ye-RAM
• 1 USB-A isidibaniso
• HDMI
• 3,5mm imveliso yomsindo
• I-40-pin ye-GPIO isinxibelelanisi

Raspberry Pi 2 Umzekelo B

Yaziswa ngoFebruwari 2015.

• 900Mhz ARM iprosesa
• 1 GB ye RAM
• 4xUSB-A2.0
• 10/100 I-Ethernet
• Isinxibelelanisi se-Micro USB
• 3,5mm imveliso yomsindo
• HDMI
• I-40-pin ye-GPIO isinxibelelanisi

Raspberry Pi Zero

Yaziswe ngoNovemba ka-2015, kunye nobukhulu obuhlangeneyo kakhulu, iinkcukacha zayo bezimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Iprosesa ye-ARM eyi-1Ghz
• I-512 MB ye-RAM
• mini-HDMI imveliso
• micro USB OTG port
• Izibuko le-Micro USB lamandla
• I-HAT ye-40 ehambelanayo

Raspberry Pi 3 Umzekelo B

Yaziswa ngoFebruwari 2016.

• Quad-core 1,2 Ghz ARM iprosesa
• 1GB ye-LPDDR2 RAM
• 10/100 I-Ethernet
• Unxibelelwano lweWiFi
• I-Bluetooth 4.1 LE
• I-40-pin ye-GPIO isinxibelelanisi
• HDMI
• Umsindo 3,5mm
• 4 x USB 2.0

I-Raspberry Pi Zero W

Iqaliswe ngoFebruwari 2017. Ukuhlaziywa kwemodeli yangaphambili kunye ne-WiFi kunye neBluetooth uxhumano.

• Iprosesa ye-ARM eyi-1Ghz
• I-512 MB ye-RAM
• mini-HDMI imveliso
• micro USB OTG port
• Izibuko le-Micro USB lamandla
• I-HAT ye-40 ehambelanayo
• Uxhumano lwe-WiFi kunye neBluetooth

I-Raspberry Pi Zero WH

Iqaliswe ngoJanuwari 2018, le nguqulo yayinomohluko omkhulu wokuba i-HAT sele ithengisiwe i-flat ukudibanisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kwi-40-pin GPIO yayo.

• Iprosesa ye-ARM eyi-1Ghz
• I-512 MB ye-RAM
• mini-HDMI imveliso
• micro USB OTG port
• Izibuko le-Micro USB lamandla
• I-pin-40 ye-GPIO
• Uxhumano lwe-WiFi kunye neBluetooth

I-Raspberry Pi 3 Model B +

Ikhutshwe ngoMatshi ka-2018.

• Quad-core 1,4GHz ARM iprosesa
• 1GB LPDDR4
• Uqhagamshelo lweWiFi kunye neBluetooth 4.2 LE
• IGigabit Ethernet
• 3,5mm ijekhi yomsindo
• 4 x USB 2.0
• I-40-pin ye-GPIO isinxibelelanisi

I-Raspberry Pi 3 Umzekelo A +

Umhla wokukhutshwa, ngoNovemba ka-2018.

• 1,4GHz quad core ARM iprosesa
• I-512 MB LPDDR2
• I-Dual Band Wi-Fi kunye neBluetooth 4.2 LE
• I-40-pin ye-GPIO isinxibelelanisi
• 1 x USB 2.0
• umfundi omncinci we-SD

Raspberry Pi 4 Umzekelo B

Yaziswa ngoJuni ngo-2019 ngolungelelwaniso oluninzi ngokwememori ye-RAM. Ezi yayiyi-1, 2 kunye ne-4 GB ye-LPDDR4 RAM. Imodeli entsha ene-2020 GB ye-RAM yakhutshwa ngoMeyi ka-8.

• Iprosesa ye-ARM ye-1,5 GHz kunye nenkxaso ye-64-bit
• I-1, i-2, i-4 kunye ne-8 GB ye-RAM
• Gigabit Ethernet
• 2 x USB 3.0
• 2 x USB 2.0
• I-40-pin ye-GPIO isinxibelelanisi
• 2 x MicroHDMI
• 3,5mm imveliso yomsindo

Imodyuli yeRaspberry Pi yeComputer 1

Imodeli yeRaspberry Pi CM1 yazalwa ngo-2014 ukudibanisa kwiiprojekthi ze-IoT. Ezi yayiziimpawu zayo:

• Broadcom BCM2835 700 MHz iprosesa
• 512 MB RAM
• I-4GB eMMC Flash
• DDR2 SODIMM isinxibelelanisi

Imodyuli yeRaspberry Pi yeComputer 3

Yaziswa ngoJanuwari 2017

• Iprosesa ye-2837GHz quad-core BCM1,2
• 1GB ye-RAM
•  4GB eMMC flash memory
• DDR2 SODIMM isinxibelelanisi
• I-46-pin ye-GPIO isinxibelelanisi

Raspberry Pi Compute Module 3 Lite

Ikhutshwe ecaleni kweCM3. Umahluko wayo oyintloko kukuba ayinayo imemori eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi, kwaye ine-slot ye-microSDHC.

• Iprosesa ye-2837GHz quad-core BCM1,2
• 1GB ye-RAM
• DDR2 SODIMM isinxibelelanisi
• I-46-pin ye-GPIO isinxibelelanisi

Raspberry Pi Compute Modyuli 3+

Ukuqaliswa kwayo kwenziwa ngoJanuwari 2019. Iimpawu zayo zezi zilandelayo:

• Inkqubo ye-4 GHz 1,2-core
• Imemori ye-1 GB ye-RAM
• I-8, i-16 kunye ne-32 GB yememori ye-EMMC
• I-MicroSDHC Slot
• I-46-pin ye-GPIO isinxibelelanisi

Imodyuli yeRaspberry Pi yeComputer 4

Ikhutshwe phakathi ku-2021. Ifumaneka kwiintlobo ezininzi zoqwalaselo. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezi zilandelayo:

• Iprosesa ye-ARM ye-1,5GHz
• I-1, i-2, i-4 kunye ne-8 GB ye-RAM
• 2 amazibuko Gigabit Ethernet
• Uqhagamshelo lwe-Wi-Fi ngokuzikhethela
• 1 i-USB C
• I-28-pin ye-GPIO isinxibelelanisi

Raspberry Pi 400

Yaziswa ngoNovemba ka-2020, umtsalane omkhulu wale bhodi kukuba idityaniswe kwikhibhodi esebenza njenge-casing kwaye iququzelele ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwicandelo lezemfundo.

• Iprosesa ye-ARM ye-1,5 GHz kunye nenkxaso ye-64-bit
• I-1, i-2, i-4 kunye ne-8 GB ye-RAM
• Gigabit Ethernet
• 2 x USB 3.0
• 2 x USB 2.0
• I-40-pin ye-GPIO isinxibelelanisi
• 2 x MicroHDMI
• 3,5mm imveliso yomsindo
• Ityala ngekhibhodi yokufaka olu guqulelo lweRaspberry Pi 4 elungisiweyo

I-Raspberry Pi Pico

Imodeli yakutshanje, evezwe ngoJanuwari 2021. Yeyona modeli yezoqoqosho kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kujoliswe kuzo zonke ezo projekthi ezifuna ukunciphisa ngakumbi ubungakanani besixhobo sokugqibela.

• Iprosesa ye-ARM Cortex M0+ kwi-133 Mhz
• 264 KB I-SRAM
• 2MB kwibhodi imemori yeFlash
• USB 1.1
• I-26-pin ye-GPIO isinxibelelanisi
• Isivamvo ubushushu

Raspberry Pi Zero 2W

Inguqulelo entsha ngoku ifikelele kumaxesha e-5 amandla ngakumbi ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ifom yefom esele ithandwa kakhulu ukusukela oko yasungulwa.

• Iprosesa ye-ARM Cortex A53 kwi-1Ghz
• 512MB LPDDR4 RAM
• I-Wi-Fi kunye ne-BT 4.2 uxhumano
• Umfundi wekhadi le-MicroSD
• GPIO isinxibelelanisi
• isinxibelelanisi sekhamera
• I-Micro USB 2.0 OTG, i-USB encinci yokutshaja / amandla kunye ne-HDMI encinci

Raspberry Pi 5

Ubhubhani kunye nengxaki kwimveliso yecandelo ilibazise enye yezona modeli zilindelweyo. Kodwa ekugqibeleni, ngo-Okthobha ka-2023, inkampani yabhengeza ukuba yeyiphi eyona modeli inamandla yosapho lonke lwamaqunube. Iimpawu zayo zezi zilandelayo:

• 76 GHz quad-core ARM Cortex-A2,4 iprosesa
• I-VideoCore VII GPU ene-OpenGL ES 2.1 kunye ne-Vulkan 1.2 inkxaso
• I-4 okanye i-8 GB ye-RAM ngokuxhomekeke kwimodeli
• Dual micro HDMI 4K60p imveliso
• HEVC 4Kp60 idikhowuda
• Bluetooth 5.0
• WiFi 802.11ac
• Isantya esiphezulu se-microSD slot kunye nenkxaso yemowudi ye-SDR104
• 2 USB 3.0 izibuko ngesantya ngaxeshanye 5 Gbps
• I-2 izibuko ze-USB 2.0
• I-Gigabit Ethernet ene-PoE+ (iadaptha iyafuneka)
• PCIe 2.0 interface
• I-40-pin ye-GPIO yokudibanisa
• Inkinobho yamandla

Oku kukutsiba okubalulekileyo okuthe, njengoko uvavanyo lokuqala lubonisile, ibeka ibhodi kwinqanaba elingaphezulu kwesizukulwana sangaphambili. I-Raspberry ithetha ngophuculo phakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-3 amaxesha amakhulu, kwaye inyaniso kukuba kwinqanaba le-emulator ukutsiba kwentsebenzo kuphawuleka kakhulu.

Ngaba iRaspberry Pi 5 ifanelekile ukuyithenga?

Ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuba sithetha ngezixhobo ezingagqithisi kwii-euro ezingama-75 (isizukulwana sangaphambili sinokufumaneka malunga ne-euro engama-65), akukho sizathu sokungabhejeli kwimodeli yamva nje. Ukutsiba kwintsebenzo kuyamangalisa, kwaye ukukhetha imodeli yangaphambili kuya kubufutshane ubomi benkqubo yakho kwakamsinya. Ngonxibelelwano oluphuculweyo kunye neCPU enamandla ngakumbi, iRaspberry Pi 5 okwangoku yeyona bhodi yophuhliso ifunwayo yabalandeli beprojekthi.